Chapter 3 Flashcards
-algia
pain
arthralgia
joint pain
otalgia
ear pain
neuralgia
nerve pain
myalgia
\mī-ˈal-j(ē-)ə\
muscle pain
-cele
hernia
thoát vị
rectocele
rectum hernia
sa trực tràng
cystocele
urinary bladder hernia
sa bàng quang
thoracentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest
abdominocentesis
surgical punture to remove fluid from the abdomen
procedure
\prə-ˈsē-jər\
thủ thuật
-coccus
berry-shaped bacterium
streptococcus
khuẩn cầu chuỗi
staphylococci
khuẩn tụ cầu
-dynia
pain
pleurodynia
pain in the chest wall that is aggravated by breathing
mastectomy
removal of the breast
ischemia
hold back blood from a part of the body
thiếu máu cục bộ
-genesis
condition of producing, forming
carcinogenesis
producing cancer
pathogenesis
producing diseases
angiogenesis
forming blood vessel
myelogram
spinal cord record
chụp tủy sống có cảm quan
mammogram
breast record
electroencephalograph
instrument for recording electricity in the brain
electroencephalography
process of recording electricity in the brain
angiography
process of recording blood vessel
tonsillitis
inflamation of the tonsil
thrombophlebitis
phlebitis
viêm tĩnh mạch do huyết khối.
morphology
hình thái học
-lysis
breakdown, destruction, seperation.
hemolysis
breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin
tán huyết
-malacia
softening
osteomalacia
softening of the bone
nhuyễn xương
chondromalacia
softening of the cartilage
mềm sụn
acromegaly
enlargement of extremities
splenomegaly
enlargement of spleen
myoma
a benign muscle tumor
myosarcoma
a malignant muscle tumor
necropsy
viewing dead body tissue
-osis
condition, usually abnormal
hydronephrosis
abnormal condition of the water in kidney
thận ứ nước
cardiomyopathy
primary disease of the heart muscle
erythropenia
deficiency of red blood cell
neutropenia
deficiency of neutrophil
thrombocytopenia
deficiency of clotting cell
-penia
deficiency
-phobia
fear
acrophobia
fear of heights
agoraphobia
fear of marketplace
claustrophobia
fear of small place
-plasia
development, formation, growth
achodroplasia
no development of cartilage
bất sản sụn
-plasty
surgical repair
angioplasty
surgical repair of the blood vessel.
An interventional cardiologist opens a narrowed blood vessel using a balloon that is inflated after insertion into the vessel. Stents, or slotted tubes, are then put in place to keep the artery open.
-ptosis
falling, drooping, prolapse
sa, sập, xệ
-sclerosis
hardening
-scope
instrument for examination
-scopy
process of visual examination
-stasis
stopping, controlling
laparoscopy
nội soi ổ bụng
metastasis
the spead of a malignant tumor beyond its original site to a secondary organ or location.
hemostasis
cầm máu
blood flow is stopped naturally by clotting or artificially by compression or suturing of a wound.
hemostat
a surgical clamp
clamp
kẹp
-stomy
opening to form a mouth (stoma)
colostomy
opening to form a mouth from the colon to the outside.
tracheostomy
opening to form a mouth from the trachea to the outside.
hydrotherapy
thủy liệu pháp
chemotherapy
treatment using chemical, drug
radiotherapy
treatment using high-energy radiation
laparotomy
cutting into abdomen.
exploratory basis
thăm dò
phlebotomy
cutting into vein
-trophy
development, nourishment
hypertrophy
excesssive development of cell size
atrophy
no development, decrease of cell size
radiographer
a technologist who assist in the making of diagnostic x-ray pictures.
leukemia
malignant white blood cell cancer
pneumonia
\nu̇-ˈmō-nyə, nyu̇-\
condition of the lungs
arteriole
small artery
venule
small vein
mucus
secretion substance
chất nhầy
esophagus
structure within the pharynx
nephropathy
condition of kidney disease
protrusion
đưa ra
hiatal hernia
thoát vị cơ hoành
e.g. a hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm.
inguinal hernia
inguinal hernia occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region and commonly into the scrotal sac in the male.
rectocele
the protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina.
omphalo
umbilicus, navel
omphalocele
a herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the navel occuring in infants at birth.
fetus
embryo after the 8th week
abscess
áp-xe, sự tụ mũ cục bộ
infant
a child in the first period of life
withdrawn
rút ra
staphylococcal lesion
sang thương tụ cầu
boil
mụn
stye
chỗ sưng tấy ở bờ mí mắt
rheumatic fever
sốt thấp tim
sinuses
cavities
valves of the heart
van tim
abscess
a collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein that is present at the site of infection.
MRSA
methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus
gonococci
lậu cầu
e.g.
gono
seed
erythrocytes
these cells are made in the bone marrow (soft tissue in the center of certain bones). They carry oxygen from the lungs through the blood to all body cells. Body cells use oxygen to burn food and release energy (catabolism).
granulocytes
BC hạt
polymorphonuclear cells
tb BC đa nhân
contain dark-staining granules in their cytoplasm and have a multilobed nucleus. They are formed in the bone marrow
multilobed nucleus
nhan co nhieu thuy
eosinophil
(granules stain red [eosin/o = rosy] with acidic stain) are active and increased in number in allergic conditions such as asthma. About 3% of leukocytes are eosinophils.
asthma
hen suyễn
basophils
(granules stain blue with basic [bas/o = basic] stain.) The function of basophil is not clear, but the number of these cells increases in the healing phase of inflammation. Less than 1% of leukocytes are basophils
neutrophils
(granules stain a pale purple with neutral stain) are important disease-fighting cells. They are phagocytes (phago = eating, swallowing). They engulf and digest bacteria. They are the most numerous disease-fighting “soldiers” (50% to 60% of leukocytes are neutrophils) and are referred to as “polys” or polymorphonuclear leukocytes bc of their multilobed nucleus.
platelets
the third type of blood cell. These are actually tiny fragments of cells formed in the bone marrow and necessary for blood clotting,
Anemia
no blood. However, in medical language and usage, anemia is a condition of reduction in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood cells.
aplastic anemia
a severe type, occurs then bone marrow fails to produce not only erythrocytes but leukocytes and thrombocytes as well.
thiếu máu bất sản
ischemia
to hold back blood from a part of the body. Tissue that becomes ischemic loses its normal flow of blood and becomes deprived of oxygen. Ischemia can be caused by blood clots lodging in a vessel or by the closing off (occlusion) of a vessel with fatty material.
acromegaly
an endocrine disoder. It occurs when the pituitary gland, attached to the base of the brain, produces an excessive amount of hormone after the completion of puberty. The excess growth hormone most often results from a benign tumor of the pituitary gland. A person with acromegaly typically is of normal height bc the long bones have stopped growth after puberty, but bones and soft tissue in the hands, feet, and face grow abnormally. In some cases, high levels of growth hormone be4 completion of puberty produce excessive growth of long bones (gigantism)
tonsils
lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat. They contain white blood cells that filter and fight bacteria.
splenomegaly
the spleen is an organ in the left upper quadrant ( LUQ) of the abdomen (below the diaphragm and to the side of the stomach). Composed of lymph tissue and blood vessels, it disposes of dying red blood cells and manufactures white blood cells (lymphocytes) to fight disease. Splenomegaly occurs with development of high blood pressure in hepatic veins and hemolytic blood diseases (anemias involving excessive destruction or lysis of red blood cells). If the spleen í removed (splenectomy), other organs carry out these functions.
achrondroplasia
an inherited disorder in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size bc of a defect in cartilage and bone. It results in a type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, a normal-size head and body, and normal intelligence.
prominent forehead
trán vồ
depressed nasal bridge
mũi tẹt
blepharotosis
this condition may be congenital (appear at birth) can occur with aging, or may be associated with stroke (cerebrovascular accident), cranial nerve damage, and other neurologic disorders. the eyelid droops bc of muscle weakness.
laparoscopy or peritoneoscopy
minimally invasive surgery
adenoids
small masses of lymphatic tissue in the part of the pharynx (throat) near the nose and nasal passages. The literal meaning, “resembling gland” is appropriate bc they r neither endocrine nor exocrine glands. Enlargement of adenoids may cause blockage of the airway from the nose to the pharynx, and adenoidectomy may be advised. The tonsils also are lymphatic tissue, and their location as well as that of the adenoids is indicated.
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