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language of medicine > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

-algia

A

pain

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2
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

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3
Q

otalgia

A

ear pain

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4
Q

neuralgia

A

nerve pain

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5
Q

myalgia

\mī-ˈal-j(ē-)ə\

A

muscle pain

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6
Q

-cele

A

hernia

thoát vị

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7
Q

rectocele

A

rectum hernia

sa trực tràng

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8
Q

cystocele

A

urinary bladder hernia

sa bàng quang

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9
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest

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10
Q

abdominocentesis

A

surgical punture to remove fluid from the abdomen

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11
Q

procedure

\prə-ˈsē-jər\

A

thủ thuật

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12
Q

-coccus

A

berry-shaped bacterium

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13
Q

streptococcus

A

khuẩn cầu chuỗi

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14
Q

staphylococci

A

khuẩn tụ cầu

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15
Q

-dynia

A

pain

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16
Q

pleurodynia

A

pain in the chest wall that is aggravated by breathing

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17
Q

mastectomy

A

removal of the breast

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18
Q

ischemia

A

hold back blood from a part of the body

thiếu máu cục bộ

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19
Q

-genesis

A

condition of producing, forming

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20
Q

carcinogenesis

A

producing cancer

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21
Q

pathogenesis

A

producing diseases

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22
Q

angiogenesis

A

forming blood vessel

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23
Q

myelogram

A

spinal cord record

chụp tủy sống có cảm quan

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24
Q

mammogram

A

breast record

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25
Q

electroencephalograph

A

instrument for recording electricity in the brain

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26
Q

electroencephalography

A

process of recording electricity in the brain

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27
Q

angiography

A

process of recording blood vessel

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28
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflamation of the tonsil

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29
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

phlebitis

viêm tĩnh mạch do huyết khối.

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30
Q

morphology

A

hình thái học

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31
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown, destruction, seperation.

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32
Q

hemolysis

A

breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin

tán huyết

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33
Q

-malacia

A

softening

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34
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of the bone

nhuyễn xương

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35
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of the cartilage

mềm sụn

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36
Q

acromegaly

A

enlargement of extremities

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37
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlargement of spleen

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38
Q

myoma

A

a benign muscle tumor

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39
Q

myosarcoma

A

a malignant muscle tumor

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40
Q

necropsy

A

viewing dead body tissue

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41
Q

-osis

A

condition, usually abnormal

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42
Q

hydronephrosis

A

abnormal condition of the water in kidney

thận ứ nước

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43
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

primary disease of the heart muscle

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44
Q

erythropenia

A

deficiency of red blood cell

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45
Q

neutropenia

A

deficiency of neutrophil

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46
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

deficiency of clotting cell

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47
Q

-penia

A

deficiency

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48
Q

-phobia

A

fear

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49
Q

acrophobia

A

fear of heights

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50
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of marketplace

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51
Q

claustrophobia

A

fear of small place

52
Q

-plasia

A

development, formation, growth

53
Q

achodroplasia

A

no development of cartilage

bất sản sụn

54
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

55
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical repair of the blood vessel.
An interventional cardiologist opens a narrowed blood vessel using a balloon that is inflated after insertion into the vessel. Stents, or slotted tubes, are then put in place to keep the artery open.

56
Q

-ptosis

A

falling, drooping, prolapse

sa, sập, xệ

57
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

58
Q

-scope

A

instrument for examination

59
Q

-scopy

A

process of visual examination

60
Q

-stasis

A

stopping, controlling

61
Q

laparoscopy

A

nội soi ổ bụng

62
Q

metastasis

A

the spead of a malignant tumor beyond its original site to a secondary organ or location.

63
Q

hemostasis

A

cầm máu

blood flow is stopped naturally by clotting or artificially by compression or suturing of a wound.

64
Q

hemostat

A

a surgical clamp

65
Q

clamp

A

kẹp

66
Q

-stomy

A

opening to form a mouth (stoma)

67
Q

colostomy

A

opening to form a mouth from the colon to the outside.

68
Q

tracheostomy

A

opening to form a mouth from the trachea to the outside.

69
Q

hydrotherapy

A

thủy liệu pháp

70
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment using chemical, drug

71
Q

radiotherapy

A

treatment using high-energy radiation

72
Q

laparotomy

A

cutting into abdomen.

73
Q

exploratory basis

A

thăm dò

74
Q

phlebotomy

A

cutting into vein

75
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

76
Q

hypertrophy

A

excesssive development of cell size

77
Q

atrophy

A

no development, decrease of cell size

78
Q

radiographer

A

a technologist who assist in the making of diagnostic x-ray pictures.

79
Q

leukemia

A

malignant white blood cell cancer

80
Q

pneumonia

\nu̇-ˈmō-nyə, nyu̇-\

A

condition of the lungs

81
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

82
Q

venule

A

small vein

83
Q

mucus

A

secretion substance

chất nhầy

84
Q

esophagus

A

structure within the pharynx

85
Q

nephropathy

A

condition of kidney disease

86
Q

protrusion

A

đưa ra

87
Q

hiatal hernia

A

thoát vị cơ hoành
e.g. a hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm.

88
Q

inguinal hernia

A

inguinal hernia occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region and commonly into the scrotal sac in the male.

89
Q

rectocele

A

the protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina.

90
Q

omphalo

A

umbilicus, navel

91
Q

omphalocele

A

a herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the navel occuring in infants at birth.

92
Q

fetus

A

embryo after the 8th week

93
Q

abscess

A

áp-xe, sự tụ mũ cục bộ

94
Q

infant

A

a child in the first period of life

95
Q

withdrawn

A

rút ra

96
Q

staphylococcal lesion

A

sang thương tụ cầu

97
Q

boil

A

mụn

98
Q

stye

A

chỗ sưng tấy ở bờ mí mắt

99
Q

rheumatic fever

A

sốt thấp tim

100
Q

sinuses

A

cavities

101
Q

valves of the heart

A

van tim

102
Q

abscess

A

a collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein that is present at the site of infection.

103
Q

MRSA

A

methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus

104
Q

gonococci

A

lậu cầu

e.g.

105
Q

gono

A

seed

106
Q

erythrocytes

A

these cells are made in the bone marrow (soft tissue in the center of certain bones). They carry oxygen from the lungs through the blood to all body cells. Body cells use oxygen to burn food and release energy (catabolism).

107
Q

granulocytes

A

BC hạt

108
Q

polymorphonuclear cells

A

tb BC đa nhân

contain dark-staining granules in their cytoplasm and have a multilobed nucleus. They are formed in the bone marrow

109
Q

multilobed nucleus

A

nhan co nhieu thuy

110
Q

eosinophil

A

(granules stain red [eosin/o = rosy] with acidic stain) are active and increased in number in allergic conditions such as asthma. About 3% of leukocytes are eosinophils.

111
Q

asthma

A

hen suyễn

112
Q

basophils

A

(granules stain blue with basic [bas/o = basic] stain.) The function of basophil is not clear, but the number of these cells increases in the healing phase of inflammation. Less than 1% of leukocytes are basophils

113
Q

neutrophils

A

(granules stain a pale purple with neutral stain) are important disease-fighting cells. They are phagocytes (phago = eating, swallowing). They engulf and digest bacteria. They are the most numerous disease-fighting “soldiers” (50% to 60% of leukocytes are neutrophils) and are referred to as “polys” or polymorphonuclear leukocytes bc of their multilobed nucleus.

114
Q

platelets

A

the third type of blood cell. These are actually tiny fragments of cells formed in the bone marrow and necessary for blood clotting,

115
Q

Anemia

A

no blood. However, in medical language and usage, anemia is a condition of reduction in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood cells.

116
Q

aplastic anemia

A

a severe type, occurs then bone marrow fails to produce not only erythrocytes but leukocytes and thrombocytes as well.
thiếu máu bất sản

117
Q

ischemia

A

to hold back blood from a part of the body. Tissue that becomes ischemic loses its normal flow of blood and becomes deprived of oxygen. Ischemia can be caused by blood clots lodging in a vessel or by the closing off (occlusion) of a vessel with fatty material.

118
Q

acromegaly

A

an endocrine disoder. It occurs when the pituitary gland, attached to the base of the brain, produces an excessive amount of hormone after the completion of puberty. The excess growth hormone most often results from a benign tumor of the pituitary gland. A person with acromegaly typically is of normal height bc the long bones have stopped growth after puberty, but bones and soft tissue in the hands, feet, and face grow abnormally. In some cases, high levels of growth hormone be4 completion of puberty produce excessive growth of long bones (gigantism)

119
Q

tonsils

A

lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat. They contain white blood cells that filter and fight bacteria.

120
Q

splenomegaly

A

the spleen is an organ in the left upper quadrant ( LUQ) of the abdomen (below the diaphragm and to the side of the stomach). Composed of lymph tissue and blood vessels, it disposes of dying red blood cells and manufactures white blood cells (lymphocytes) to fight disease. Splenomegaly occurs with development of high blood pressure in hepatic veins and hemolytic blood diseases (anemias involving excessive destruction or lysis of red blood cells). If the spleen í removed (splenectomy), other organs carry out these functions.

121
Q

achrondroplasia

A

an inherited disorder in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size bc of a defect in cartilage and bone. It results in a type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, a normal-size head and body, and normal intelligence.

122
Q

prominent forehead

A

trán vồ

123
Q

depressed nasal bridge

A

mũi tẹt

124
Q

blepharotosis

A

this condition may be congenital (appear at birth) can occur with aging, or may be associated with stroke (cerebrovascular accident), cranial nerve damage, and other neurologic disorders. the eyelid droops bc of muscle weakness.

125
Q

laparoscopy or peritoneoscopy

A

minimally invasive surgery

126
Q

adenoids

A

small masses of lymphatic tissue in the part of the pharynx (throat) near the nose and nasal passages. The literal meaning, “resembling gland” is appropriate bc they r neither endocrine nor exocrine glands. Enlargement of adenoids may cause blockage of the airway from the nose to the pharynx, and adenoidectomy may be advised. The tonsils also are lymphatic tissue, and their location as well as that of the adenoids is indicated.
hạnh nhân hầu

language of medicine (9 decks)

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