CHAPTER 7 Flashcards
What are the functions of bone 1
• Muscle attachment
What are the functions of bone 2
• Support and protection
What are the functions of bone 3
• Blood cell production
What are the functions of bone 4
• Storage of inorganic salts
What are the 4 types of bones
long, short, flat, irregular
– Long
• Examples include the bones in the arms and legs
– Short
• Examples include the bones of the wrist and ankles
– Flat
• Examples include the ribs, scapula
– Irregular
• Examples include the vertebrae and facial bones
Articular cartilage –
covers the epiphyses
Epiphyses –
expanded ends of the bone
Diaphysis –
shaft of the bone
Periosteum –
vascular connective tissue covering the bone
Medullary cavity –
lined with endosteum and filled with marrow
what are bone cells called?
osteocytes
osteoblasts
deposit a bony matrix around themselves in all directions, forming spongy bone.
The formation of bone is referred to as
ossification.
Osteoclasts
- tear down bone
* Called resorption
Osteoblasts
- build bone throughout the lifespan
* Called deposition
A greenstick fracture
is incomplete, and the break occurs on the convex surface of the bend in the bone.
A fissured fracture
is an incomplete longitudinal break.
A comminuted fracture
is complete and fragments the bone.
A transverse fracture
is complete, and the break occurs at a right angle to the axis of the bone.
An oblique fracture
occurs at an angle other than a right angle to the axis of the bone.
what the three types of joints
Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
joints can be ….
immovable, slightly movable, freely movable
Are fibrous joints freely movable or immovable
most are immovable
cartilaginous joints
- connected by either hyaline or fibrocartilage
where can cartilaginous joints be found
- between vetebrae
- pubic symphysis
This joint is slightly movable
Cartilaginous joints
this joint is freely movable
synovial joints
what are the six types of synovial joints?
Ball and Socket joint, Condylar joint, Plane or Gliding joints, Hinge joint, Pivot joint, Saddle joint
Ball and socket
Consists of bone with a globular or egg-shaped head articulating with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone
where are Ball and Socket joint found
shoulders and hip joints
Condylar joint
Consists of an ovoid condyle fitting into an elliptical cavity
where can Condylar joint be found
Example is the joint between a metacarpal and a phalange
Plane or Gliding joints
Occur where articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved
- Allow for a back and forth motion
where can Plane or Gliding joints be found
Examples include the wrist and ankle
Hinge joint
– round forming joint with semicircle
where can Hinge joint be found
found in the elbow and phalange joints
Pivot joint
The cylinder surface around the ring of bone
where can Pivot joint be found
Examples include the joint between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna
Saddle joint
- remember concavity
- Forms where articulating surfaces have both concave and convex areas
where can Saddle joint be found
the joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb is of this type
what are the bones of the axial skeleton
- skull
- hyoid bone
- vertebral column
- thoracic cage
what are the bones of the appendicular skeleton
- pectoral girdle
- upper limb
- lower limbs
- pelvic girdle
