CHAPTER 7

Question 1

What are the functions of bone 1

Answer 1

• Muscle attachment

Question 2

What are the functions of bone 2

Answer 2

• Support and protection

Question 3

What are the functions of bone 3

Answer 3

• Blood cell production

Question 4

What are the functions of bone 4

Answer 4

• Storage of inorganic salts

Question 5

What are the 4 types of bones

Answer 5

long, short, flat, irregular

Question 6

– Long

Answer 6

• Examples include the bones in the arms and legs

Question 7

– Short

Answer 7

• Examples include the bones of the wrist and ankles

Question 8

– Flat

Answer 8

• Examples include the ribs, scapula

Question 9

– Irregular

Answer 9

• Examples include the vertebrae and facial bones

Question 10

Articular cartilage –

Answer 10

covers the epiphyses

Question 11

Epiphyses –

Answer 11

expanded ends of the bone

Question 12

Diaphysis –

Answer 12

shaft of the bone

Question 13

Periosteum –

Answer 13

vascular connective tissue covering the bone

Question 14

Medullary cavity –

Answer 14

lined with endosteum and filled with marrow

Question 15

what are bone cells called?

Answer 15

osteocytes

Question 16

osteoblasts

Answer 16

deposit a bony matrix around themselves in all directions, forming spongy bone.

Question 17

The formation of bone is referred to as

Answer 17

ossification.

Question 18

Osteoclasts

Answer 18

• tear down bone

* Called resorption

Question 19

Osteoblasts

Answer 19

• build bone throughout the lifespan

* Called deposition

Question 20

A greenstick fracture

Answer 20

is incomplete, and the break occurs on the convex surface of the bend in the bone.

Question 21

A fissured fracture

Answer 21

is an incomplete longitudinal break.

Question 22

A comminuted fracture

Answer 22

is complete and fragments the bone.

Question 23

A transverse fracture

Answer 23

is complete, and the break occurs at a right angle to the axis of the bone.

Question 24

An oblique fracture

Answer 24

occurs at an angle other than a right angle to the axis of the bone.

Question 25

what the three types of joints

Answer 25

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 26

joints can be ….

Answer 26

immovable, slightly movable, freely movable

Question 27

Are fibrous joints freely movable or immovable

Answer 27

most are immovable

Question 28

cartilaginous joints

Answer 28

• connected by either hyaline or fibrocartilage

Question 29

where can cartilaginous joints be found

Answer 29

• between vetebrae

- pubic symphysis

Question 30

This joint is slightly movable

Answer 30

Cartilaginous joints

Question 31

this joint is freely movable

Answer 31

synovial joints

Question 32

what are the six types of synovial joints?

Answer 32

Ball and Socket joint, Condylar joint, Plane or Gliding joints, Hinge joint, Pivot joint, Saddle joint

Question 33

Ball and socket

Answer 33

Consists of bone with a globular or egg-shaped head articulating with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone

Question 34

where are Ball and Socket joint found

Answer 34

shoulders and hip joints

Question 35

Condylar joint

Answer 35

Consists of an ovoid condyle fitting into an elliptical cavity

Question 36

where can Condylar joint be found

Answer 36

Example is the joint between a metacarpal and a phalange

Question 37

Plane or Gliding joints

Answer 37

Occur where articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved
- Allow for a back and forth motion

Question 38

where can Plane or Gliding joints be found

Answer 38

Examples include the wrist and ankle

Question 39

Hinge joint

Answer 39

– round forming joint with semicircle

Question 40

where can Hinge joint be found

Answer 40

found in the elbow and phalange joints

Question 41

Pivot joint

Answer 41

The cylinder surface around the ring of bone

Question 42

where can Pivot joint be found

Answer 42

Examples include the joint between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna

Question 43

Saddle joint

Answer 43

• remember concavity

- Forms where articulating surfaces have both concave and convex areas

Question 44

where can Saddle joint be found

Answer 44

the joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb is of this type

Question 45

what are the bones of the axial skeleton

Answer 45

• skull
• hyoid bone
• vertebral column
• thoracic cage

Question 46

what are the bones of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 46

• pectoral girdle
• upper limb
• lower limbs
• pelvic girdle