Chapter 10 Flashcards
hemoreceptors
- senses changes in chemicals (olfactory receptors)
pain receptors(nociceptors)-
sensing pain
Thermoreceptors-
senses changes in temperature
Mechanoreceptors-
sensing movement
photoreceptors-
senses light
sensory adaptation
- the ability of the nervous system to become less responsive to a maintained stimulus
Hypoxia
lack of oxygen
Ischemia
lack of blood flow
Visceral pain
(internal organs)
experiencing pain in funny locations is known as
Referred Pain
acute pain fibers are myelinated or unmyelinated?
myelinated
-makes signal go through faster
chronic pain fibers are unmyelinated or myelinated ?
-unmeyelinted
awareness of pain arises when pain impulses reach the
thalamus
pain intensity, locates the pain source and mediates emotional and motor response to pain
pain intensity, locates the pain source and mediates emotional and motor response to pain
What are the three receptors for the sense of touch and pressure ?
- free nerve endings
- tactile (Meissner’s) corpuscles
- Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles
Free nerve endings are located…
In epithelial tissues and are responsible for itching sensation
Tactile Corpuscles
Small oval masses of flattened connected tissue cells and connective tissue sheaths.
Where are tactile corpuscles located ?
In hairless areas of the skin, such as the lips, fingertips, poems, songs, nipples, and external genital organs.
Lamellated Pacinian corpuscles
Common in the deeper dermal and subcutaneous tissues and in muscle tendons and joints ligaments.
Lamellated corpuscles respond to
heavy pressure and are so scared of the sensation of depression
Temperature senses
-warm and cold receptors
Free nerve endings
Dual sensation
Sharp, pricking pain, followed shortly by A dull aching one.
Serotonin, Enkephalins
Inhibiting substances released in the posterior horn
Enkephalins can suppress…
Acute and chronic pain impulses and the thus can relieve severe pain
Endorphins
Are another group of neuropeptides with pain suppressing, morphine like action
Name the special senses and their respective organs
- smell…olfactory organs
- taste…taste buds
- hearing/equilibrium…ear
- sight…eye
olfactory receptors and tastebuds are what type of receptors?
chemoreceptors
tastebuds
are the specialized organs of taste
where are tastebuds located?
surface of the tongue with elevations called papillae
what are the 5 taste bud types/ Taste sensations?
- sweet
- sour
- salty
- bitter
- Umami
what bridges the eardrum to the inner ear?
the auditory ossicles
what does vibrations to the stapes cause?
since it is attached to the oval window that causes the fluid in the inner ear, which stimulates hearing receptors
where does the auditory tube connect to?
the middle ear
what does the auditory tube help do?
maintain equal pressure on both sides of the eardrum
membranous labyrinth
inside of the osseous labyrinth
perilymph
fluid in between the membranous and osseous labyrinth
endolymph
fluid contained inside the membranous labyrinth
upper part of the cochlea
scala vestibule
lower part of the cochlea
scala tympani
the part of membranous labyrinth within the cochlea is called the…
cochlear duct
vestibular membrane
- seperates the cochlear duct
