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HS 205 > chapter 7 > Flashcards

chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

substances composed of freely moving molecules

______ of a healthy adults body weight

A

fluid

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2
Q

between cells within tissues and organs

A

tissue/interstitial fluid

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3
Q

found in blood and lymphatic vessels

the fluid portion of blood that carries the blood cells

A

intravascular fluid

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4
Q

body fluid varies by:
tissue type - ___tissue and therefore more body fluid
gender - ____ have more lean tissue - more body fluid
_____ - lean tissue is lot with age and body fluid is lost with it

A

lean
male
age

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5
Q

functions of fluids
increased blood volume can cause blood pressure to ______
increases risks for heart disease and stroke
decreased blood volume can cause ___ blood presuure

A

rise

low

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6
Q

water has high _______
high amount of en energy to raise temp –> body temp remains stable
takes prolonged heat to exposure to increase body temp

A

high heat capacity

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7
Q

water is primary ______

as temp increases, blood flow increases to vessels lying under skin

A

coolant

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8
Q 
functions of fluids
protect and lubricate body tissue
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - brain and spinal cord
\_\_\_\_\_\_ - fetus
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ -  joints
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - easy passage of material
\_\_\_\_\_ - prevents friction when lungs expand
A 
cerebrospinal fluid
amniotic fluid
synovial fluid
digestive secretions
pleural fluid
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9
Q

substance dissolves into ions; can carry electrical current

A

electrolytes

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10
Q

K+ and HPO42–

A

intracellular fluid

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11
Q

Na+ and Cl–

A

extracellular fluid

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12
Q

increased concentration of electrolytes in extra cellular fluid
intracellular fluid is drawn out of cells
can lead to ______ or death

A

low body fluid

irregular heart beat

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13
Q

thirst mechanism

3 main mechanisms
increased concentration of ____ and other solutes in blood
reduction in blood ______ and ______
dryness in the ____ of mouth and throat

A

salt
volume, pressure
tissues

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14
Q

thirst mechanism
hypothalamus releases _______ hormone –> signal kidney to reduce urine flow
kidney releases
___ –> signal blood vessels to constrict
water drawn ouut of salivary glands
helps body retain water and avoid dehydration

A

antidiruetic hormolne

renin

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15
Q

most water enters body through _______ (_____)

some foods have high water content

A

beverages (70-80%)

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16
Q

sensible water loss
the ______ control how much water is reabsorbed
excess water excreted as _____
sensible water loss also via _______

A

kidneys
urine
sweat

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17
Q

insensible water (

A

lungs
respiration
feces

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18
Q 
DRI for water
men \_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_ as beverages)
women \_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_ as beverages)
A
  1. 7L, 3.0L

2. 7L, 2.2L

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19
Q

high in calcium

water softeners exchange calcium to _____

A

hard water

sodium

20
Q

either from surface water or groundwater
regulated by _____
commonly treated by ____

A

tap water
EPA
chlorine

21
Q

regulated by FDA
may be treated or filtered differently
may taste better but does not necessarily offer any health benefits
may be high in ______

A

bottled

sodium

22
Q

low fat versions rich in protein, calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus

A

milk substitutes

23
Q 
what if you consume too much sodium?
increased risk for high \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
may cause \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ loss in urine
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ - abnormally high blood sodium concentration
is this due to high sodium intake?
A

blood pressure
calcium
hypernatremia
no

24
Q

what if you dont consume enough sodium?
__________
endurance athletes who consume too much _______ and fail to replace sodium

A

hyponatremia

25
Q 
functions of sodium
exchanged with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_ balance
\_\_\_\_\_ pressure
\_\_\_\_\_\_ balance
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ transmission
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ contraction
A 
potassium
fluid
blood
pH
nerve impulse
muscle
26
Q

recommended sodium intake

A

less than 2.3 g/day

27
Q

high _______ —-> lower blood pressure

A

potassium

28
Q

recommended potassium intake

A

4.7 g/day

29
Q

processed food is ____ in potassium

fresh fruit, veggies, whole grains

A

low

30
Q

too much potassium?
kidney disease —-> ________ - high blood potassium level
can alter normal ______ rhythm, resulting in a heart attack
most ___ substitutes are high in potssium

A

hyperkalemia
heart
salt

31
Q

too little potassium?
deficiency is rare
_____ - low blood potassium levels

A

hypokalemia

32
Q

negative ion in extracellular fluid

A

chloride

33
Q

minimum recommendation for chloride

primary source?

A

2.3 g a day

table salt

34
Q

not enough chloride?
occurs in people with _________
may also occur during severe _______

A

eating disorders

dehydration

35
Q

negative ion in intracellular fluid

A

phosphorus

36
Q

85% of bodys phosphorus is found in ______

high amounts in _____ foods

A

bone

protein

37
Q

RDA for phosphorus

A

700 mg/day

38
Q

too much phosphorus?
high _______ levels may occur with kidney disease
high vitamin ____ supplementation
_____ spasms, convulsions

A

blood
D
muscle

39
Q

depletion of total body water

A

dehydration

40
Q

who is at risk for dehydration?

A

elderly and infants

41
Q

why are the elderly at risk?
_____ body water content
__________ is less effective

A

lower

thirst mechanism

42
Q

why are infants at risk for dehydration?
excrete ______ at a higher rate
unable to __________

A

urine

communicate

43
Q

painful muscle cramps, usually in the abdomen, arms, or legs
spasms can last seconds or minutes, caused by fluid/electrolyte imbalances
develop during vigorous activity in heat

A

heat cramps

44
Q

vigorous activity in heat, or several days in high heat when fluids are inadequate
thirst, cramps, weakness, vomiting, dizziness, fainting, elevated blood pressure and pulse

A

heat exhaustion

45
Q

occurs if the body’s temperature regulation mechanisms fail
medical emergency
hot and dry skin, high body temp + weakness
can be fatal

A

heatstroke

HS 205 (12 decks)

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