chapter 3

Question 1

cells lining intestines

Answer 1

enterocytres

Question 2

rise in blood glucose; produced by pancreas

Answer 2

insulin

Question 3

fall in blood glucose; produced by pancreas

Answer 3

glucagon

Question 4

hunger hormone; produced by stomach

Answer 4

ghrelin

Question 5

response to food entry; produced by small intestine

Answer 5

CCK

Question 6

suppresses hunger; long term; produced by adipose tissue

Answer 6

leptin

Question 7

chemical and/or mechanical breakdown of foods into component molecules

Answer 7

digestion

Question 8

food molecules taken in GI tract to circulation

Answer 8

absorption

Question 9

break down of molecules (carbs, fat, protein)

Answer 9

metabolism

Question 10

undigested portions of food & wastes removed from body

Answer 10

elimination

Question 11

muscles that control the passage of material from one organ to the next

Answer 11

sphincters

Question 12

hunger and appetite prepare GI tract

Answer 12

cephalic phase

Question 13

an enzyme produced by the salivary glands and begins the chemical digestion of ____

Answer 13

salivary amylase

carbs

Question 14

covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing

Answer 14

epiglottis

Question 15

muscular tube through which food travels from the mouth

Answer 15

esophagus

Question 16

muscular contractions moving food through the GI tract

Answer 16

peristalsis

Question 17

separates the esophagus from the stomach

prevents the flow of food from the stomach back into the esophagus

Answer 17

gastroesophageal sphincter

Question 18

to denature proteins and activate ____ from ______

Answer 18

hydrochloric acid
pepsin
pepsinogen

Question 19

an enzyme to digest protein

Answer 19

pepsin

Question 20

an enzyme to digest fat

Answer 20

gastric lipase

Question 21

to protect stomach lining

Answer 21

mucus

Question 22

semisolid product of mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach

Answer 22

chyme

Question 23

produces bile which emulsifies fats
removes wastes and toxins
store simple nutrients
receive nutrients from digestive tract and release into blood stream

Answer 23

liver

Question 24

stores bile

Answer 24

gall bladder

Question 25

produces many digestive enzymes | produces bicarbonate to neutralize chyme

Answer 25

pancreas

Question 26

folds in the lining that trap nutrient molecules (main units of absorption) (has a ____ and a _____)

Answer 26

villi blood vessel lacteal

Question 27

composed of microvilli

Answer 27

brush border

Question 28

hydrochloric acid in the esophagus

Answer 28

heartburn

Question 29

painful, persistant heartburn more than 2x a week

Answer 29

GERD

Question 30

regions of the GI tract eroded by HCL and pepsin | in stomach or duodenum ___ plays key role

Answer 30

peptic ulcers | H. pylori

Question 31

disorder that interferes w normal colon function

Answer 31

IBS | irratable bowel syndrome

Question 32

particular food causes numerous unpleasant symptoms | immune system is not involved

Answer 32

food intolerance

Question 33

lactase decrease after 2 years

Answer 33

lactose intolerance

Question 34

autoimmune disease destruction of the villi of small intestine complete intolerance for ___

Answer 34

celiac disease | gluten

Question 35

stimulates stomach contractions

Answer 35

gastrin

Question 36

storage in the stomach ___ hours

Answer 36

2-4

Question 37

most absorption of nutrients occurs in the three sections of the small intestine ___, ____, ___ release of chyme into small intestine releases ____

Answer 37

duedenum jejunum ileum | CCK

Question 38

absorption in small intestine water soluble nutrients (carbs, protein, minerals an dsome vitamins) enter the _____ - which transports these nutrients to liver fat soluble nutrients (lipids and some vitamins) enter the ______ (lacteal) - which transport thse nutrients to blood stream

Answer 38

portal vein | lymphatic vessels

Question 39

elimination: large intestine undigested food components move through a sphincter called the _____ to the large intestine very little digestion takes place material is stored ____ hours prior to elimination water and some nutrients are absorbed

Answer 39

ileocecal valve | 12-24 hours

Question 40

undigested products: | ___, ___, ____

Answer 40

fiber, water, bacteria