Chapter 7 Flashcards
Most of the elements in nature are _____ when isolated at room temperature.
solids
There are only 2 elements which are ______ at room temperature.
liquids
What are the 2 elements that are liquids at room temperature?
Hg (mercury) and Br (Bromine)
There are several elements which are _____ at room temperature.
gases
What are the elements that are gases at room temperature?
N (nitrogen), O (oxygen), F (Fluoride), Cl (Chloride), H (hydrogen), and all the noble gases
The _______ ______ ______ proposes that all particles making up a substance (atoms, molecules, and/or ions) are in constant random motion at all temperatures above absolute zero Kelvin.
kinetic molecular theory
____ is made up of tiny particles (atoms, molecules, ion) that have definite size and unalterable characteristics.
Matter
______ _____ is energy due to motion of matter.
Kinetic energy
Particles can transfer kinetic energy to on another through _____ _____ - like billiard balls.
elastic collision
______ _____ is stored energy due to position and composition.
Potential energy
______ ______ are attractions and repulsions of charged entities.
Electrostatic interactions
Particles interact with each other via _____ and _____.
attractions and repulsions
______ ______ are collisions where no kinetic energy is lost to the environment. That is, the sum of the kinetic energy of all participants prior to the collision equals the sum of the kinetic energies of all participants after the collision.
Elastic collisions
Particle speed of kinetic energy increases as the _____ is raised.
temperature
Kinetic energy is a ______ _____.
disruptive force
Potential energy is a _____ _____
cohesive force
When the temperature of a system is raised, the _____ _____ of the particles in the system increases.
kinetic energy
What is the mathematical expression of kinetic energy?
1/2mv^2
The ______ component is a squared factor in kinetic energy.
velocity
In the _____ _____ potential energy (cohesive forces) dominates over kinetic energy (disruptive forces).
solid state
Solids are ____ and have ____ ____ because the strong cohesive forces keep the particles in fixed positions.
rigid; fixed volumes
Solids have ____ _____.
high density
With water ___________, solids are usually denser than their corresponding liquid phase.
being a major exception
Due to the compact and orderly packing of particles in a solid, there is virtually no empty space between particles. Consequently, there is hardly any empty space that can be eliminated by increasing the pressure, and solids exhibit a very ____ _____.
low compessibility