Chapter 13 Flashcards
An ________ is a hydrocarbon in which one or more carbon-carbon multiple bonds (double, triple, both) are present.
unsaturated hydrocarbon
A ______ is the part of an organic molecule where most of its chemical reactions occur.
functional group
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are divided into 3 groups on the basis of the type of multiple bond present. What are the 3 groups?
alkenes;
alkynes;
aromatic hydrocarbons
This group contains one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
alkynes
This group exhibits a special type of “delocalized” bonding that involves a six-membered carbon ring.
aromatic hydrocarbons
An ______ is an acyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
alkene
The ______ refers to the total number of C atom positions within a molecule that could accept additional H atoms if we alter the carbon/carbon bonding at those positions.
degree of saturation
A _____ is a cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds with the ring system.
cycloalkene
Cyclic alkenes are cyclic ring systems with at least one carbon/carbon double bond located somewhere within the ring structure. These molecules are also called ______.
cycloalkenes
What is the IUPAC prefix for 1 carbon?
meth-
What is the IUPAC prefix for 2 carbons?
eth-
What is the IUPAC prefix for 3 carbons?
prop-
What is the IUPAC prefix for 4 carbons?
but-
What is the IUPAC prefix for 5 carbons?
pent-
What is the IUPAC prefix for 6 carbons?
hex-
What is the IUPAC prefix for 7 carbons?
hept-
What is the IUPAC prefix for 8 carbons?
oct-
What is the IUPAC prefix for 9 carbons?
non-
What is the IUPAC prefix for 10 carbons?
dec-
If the molecules have the same structure with the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms and only differ by the position of the C=C double bond, they are called _______.
positional isomers
An ______ is a noncyclic hydrocarbon substituent in which a carbon-carbon double bond is present.
alkenyl group
Dienes can be made in one of three different configurations. What are they called?
conjugated;
isolated;
cumulative
Dienes that are conjugated have __________.
alternating double and single bonds
Dienes that are isolated are _______.
separated by 2 or more single bonds
Dienes that are cumulative are _________.
very rare for open chains and no cyclic structures
______ are constitutional isomers that have different carbon-chain arrangements as well as different hydrogen atom arrangements.
Skeletal isomers
A ______ is a compound used by insects (and some animals) to transmit a message to other members of the same species.
pheromone
A ______ is an organic compound whose carbon skeleton is composed of 2 or more 5-carbon isoprene structural units.
terpene
Hydrocarbons with at least one carbon/carbon triple bond are classified as _______.
alkynes
The _______ is the business end of a molecule. In other words, this is the particular location where most of the unique chemistry or chemical reactivity of the molecule is found.
functional group
All molecules with at least one carbon/carbon triple bond are grouped into a family of compounds with similar chemical properties called ______.
alkynes
