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CHEM 1110 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

When two or more different atoms combine with one another to form a new substance, it is called a ______.

A

compound

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2
Q

_________ are the attractive forces that cause atoms to “stick” together - nature’s velcro.

A

Chemical bonds

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3
Q

________ are the electrons in the outer most shell of an atom.

A

Valence electrons

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4
Q

Valence electrons are the electron in the __________ of an atom.

A

outer most shell

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5
Q

There are two different defined models of chemical bonds which are characterized based upon hot the valence electrons of the atom interact. These 2 models of chemical bonding are called __________ and __________.

A

ionic bonds and covalent bonds

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6
Q

The ________ is a key concept in modern chemistry developed by Gilbert Lewis.

A

octet rule

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7
Q

When two different atoms or ions have the same electron configuration, they are said to be __________ with each other.

A

isoelectronic

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8
Q

________ results from the TRANSFER of electrons from one atom or group of atoms to another.

A

Ionic bonds

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9
Q

An _______ is an atom that carries a formal charge based upon an imbalance between the number of protons in the nucleus and the total number of electrons.

A

ion

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10
Q

________ are formed when an atom of group of atoms gives up or donates one or more electrons.

A

Cations (+)

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11
Q

Cations are _______ charged ions.

A

positively

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12
Q

_______ are formed when an atom or group of atoms accepts one or more electrons.

A

Anions (-)

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13
Q

Anions are _______ charged ions.

A

negatively

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14
Q

The compound formed by the attraction of ions is called an _________.

A

ionic compound

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15
Q

Compounds formed by ionic bonds are called __________.

A

ionic compounds

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16
Q

Compounds formed by covalent bonds are called _________.

A

molecular compounds

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17
Q

The chemical formula for a molecular or ionic compound lists what 2 things?

A
  1. the type of atoms present

2. the ration of atoms present

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18
Q

The ______ of the ions is NOT included in the formula.

A

charge

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19
Q

Ionic compounds always involve an interaction between a _____ and a _______ atom or atoms.

A

metal and nonmetal

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20
Q

In an ionic compound, the metal always takes on the _____ charge.

A

positive

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21
Q

In an ionic compound, the nonmetal always takes on the _______ charge.

A

negative

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22
Q

_______ elements with d orbitals can actually take on more than one stable ionic charge.

A

Transition

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23
Q

In order to predict the formula for an ionic compound formed by the interaction of a transition metal with a nonmetal, we must know what?

A

The charge o the transition metal

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24
Q

_________ are formed when two different elements chemically combine regardless of the number of atoms or ions present.

A

Binary Compounds (bi = 2)

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25
Q

______-_______ metals are metal atoms that have a fixed charge.

A

Fixed-charge

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26
Q

________-________ metals are metal atoms that can take on more than one stable charge or oxidation state.

A

Variable-charge

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27
Q

The most common compounds that have 3 different types of elements present are called __________.

A

ternary compounds

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28
Q

_________ means “many atom ions”.

A

polyatomic ions

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29
Q

Polyatomic ions are ______ of nonmetal atoms that carry a charge.

A

clusters

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30
Q

What is the name, charge, and formula for phosphate?

A

PO (subscript 4)^3-

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31
Q

What is the name, charge, and formula for nitrate?

A

NO (subscript 3)^-

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32
Q

What is the name, charge, and formula for sulfate?

A

SO (subscript 4)^2-

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33
Q

What is the name, charge, and formula for carbonate?

A

CO(subscript 3)^2-

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34
Q

What is the name, charge, and formula for cyanide?

A

CN-

35
Q

What is the name, charge, and formula for ammonium?

A

NH(subscript 4)^+

36
Q

What is the name, charge, and formula for hydroxide?

A

OH-

37
Q

Ammonium ions can substitute for ______ in ionic compounds.

A

metals

38
Q

Atoms are usually found as _______ with other atoms in nature.

A

clusters

39
Q

Elements are the ________ of all matter.

A

building blocks

40
Q

Compounds are formed when ______ or more atoms of different elements combine.

A

2

41
Q

__________ are the attractive forces which holds atoms together.

A

Chemical bonds

42
Q

Valence electrons are found in the outer _______ of the electron configuration.

A

shell (or energy level)

43
Q

Electrons in the outer most sublevel are called __________.

A

valence electrons

44
Q

How many different types of chemical bonds are there?

A

2

45
Q

The chemical behavior of atoms (reactivity) is determined by the ________.

A

valence

46
Q

The electron configurations of atoms involved in a chemical bond ________ each other.

A

compliment

47
Q

There are 2 major types of chemical bonds. These include ______ and ________ bonds.

A

ionic and covalent

48
Q

This bond is associated with the transfer of electrons.

A

ionic bond

49
Q

This bond is associated with the sharing of electrons.

A

covalent bond

50
Q

Charged atoms occur when _________ are transferred of accepted by atoms or groups of them.

A

electrons

51
Q

Both positive and negative charged atoms or groups of atoms are called ______.

A

ions

52
Q

The loss or gain of electrons alters the proton to electron balance and leaves the atom with a net _______.

A

charge

53
Q

TRUE or FALSE:

Cations are formed when an atom or group of atoms accepts one or more electrons.

A

False

54
Q

TRUE or FALSE:

When an atom accepts electrons, it will become an ion with more protons than is has electrons.

A

False

55
Q

Ionic compounds are formed by _____ and ______ ions.

A

positive and negative

56
Q

TRUE or FALSE:

Ionic compounds are defined at 3-D structures called molecules.

A

false

57
Q

TRUE or FALSE:

Cations and anions are not necessarily the same size and in most cases are quite different.

A

true

58
Q

TRUE or FALSE:

An ionic solid is also considered a molecular compound.

A

false

59
Q

When table salt is formed the Na atom becomes the ____ and the Cl atom becomes the ______.

A

cation;

anion

60
Q

TRUE or FALSE:

Scientists completely understand chemical bonding and the rules that govern chemical behavior.

A

false

61
Q

Which elements provide a basis of understanding for chemical bonding?

A

noble gases

62
Q

TRUE or FALSE:

The noble gases are chemically reactive elements with interesting chemical properties.

A

false

63
Q

Atoms tend to be happy or content when they have ______ outer s and p subshells.

A

filled

64
Q

For all representative elements and noble gases, except He, the outer shell is filled with ______ electrons.

A

8

65
Q

The tendency for atoms to lose, gain, or share valence electrons so that they can have the electron configuration of a noble gas is known as the ________.

A

octet rule

66
Q

When Na loses an electron, which of the outer shells is filled with 8 electrons?

A

The 2nd shell

67
Q

What would be the proper ionic symbol for an O atom with 2 negative charges?

A

O^2-

68
Q

If Cl gains an electron, with which element is the Cl- ion isoelectronic?

A

Argon (Ar)

69
Q

Explain why Cl gains one electron rather than lose 7 to fill it’s outer shell.

A

In nature, conditions will never allow this to happen, so in order to achieve octet rule, it gains just 1 electron to fill it’s outer shell.

70
Q

What would you predict for all group IA elements?

A

They will all lose an electron, becoming positively charged.

71
Q

A chemical formula of an ionic compound shows the ______ ratio of ions.

A

lowest

72
Q

TRUE or FALSE:

Ionic charge is always presented in the formula of the ionic compound.

A

false

73
Q

One of the features common to all ionic compounds is that the interaction of atoms always involves a _____ with a _____.

A

metal;

nonmetal

74
Q

What would you predict to be the charge associated with all group VIA elements in an ionic form?

A

2- charge

75
Q

What is the charge on an Fe atom found in FeCl2

A

2+

76
Q

TRUE or FALSE:

Copper (Cu) has a fixed ionic charge of 2+.

A

false.

The only transition metals that have fixed charges are Ag (1+), Zn (2+), and Cd (3+).

77
Q

Binary compounds are formed by _____ ______ elements.

A

two different

78
Q

Naming of binary ionic compounds is based on whether or not the metal atom has a ______ or ________ charge.

A

fixed or variable

79
Q

Clusters of atoms with more than one type of atom which carry a charge are called ____________.

A

polyatomic ions

80
Q

___________ is when a substance passes from the solid phase to the gaseous phase without first passing through the liquid phase.

A

sublimation

81
Q

_________ is the process used to separate the components of a mixture of solid substances in a certain solvent, when those substances differ in solubility.

A

filtration

82
Q

Liquid that has passed to filter paper is called the ________; the solid on the paper is the _______.

A

filtrate;

residue

83
Q

Separating the solid from the liquid may require a process called _________.

A

decanting

84
Q

__________ is lowly heating a solution in an evaporating dish so that the solute remains after the solvent has evaporated.

A

Evaporation

CHEM 1110 (10 decks)

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