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Human Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

22 bones (8 cranial and 14 facial bones); encase brain and form face

A

skull- 1 of the views of the skull is only diagram on test

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2
Q

33 bones; 24 individual bones protect spinal cord, and remaining bones are fused forming sacrum and coccyx

A

vertebral column

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3
Q

12 pairs of ribs, sternum, and part of vertebral column; encases and protects lungs, heart, and other delicate contents of this cavity

A

thoraic cage

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4
Q

forms body’s longitudinal axis, encases body cavities (to protect underlying organs)

A

axial skeleton

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5
Q

bones of pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, and lower limb; structure primarily suited for movement, support, and muscle attachment

A

appendicular skeleton

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6
Q

clavicle and scapula; anchors upper limb to trunk

A

pectorial girdle

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7
Q

3 parts: arm consisting of humerus; forearm consisting of radius and ulna; and wrist and hand consisting of carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

A

upper limb

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8
Q

two pelvic bones and sacrum; anchors lower limb to trunk

A

pelvic girdle

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9
Q

3 parts: thigh, consisting of femur; leg consisting of tibia and fibula; and ankle and foot consisting of tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

A

lower limb

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10
Q

Bones have a number of surface features including what 3 things?

A

depressions, openings, and projections

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11
Q

All bones of the skull are fused to one another at immoveable joints called what

A

sutures

ecept mandible

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12
Q

found within frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones (they are largest w/in maxillary)

A

paranasal sinuses

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13
Q

grouped with skull bones because of its proximity although it doesn’t articulate with any skull bones (or any other bones)

A

hyoid

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14
Q

what does the vertebral column do?

A
  • protect spinal cord

- gives rigidity

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15
Q

5 types of bones in _____ vertebrae and how many bones are in each?

A
  1. Cervical- 7
  2. Thoraic- 12
  3. Lumbar- 5 bones
  4. Sacral- 5
  5. Coccygeal- 3-5
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16
Q

characterized by abnormal lateral curvatures in vertebral column

A

scoliosis

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17
Q

characterized by exaggerated cervical and lumbar curvatures

A

lordosis

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18
Q

exaggeration of thoracic curvature resulting in a hunchback appearance

A

kyphosis

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19
Q

largest and heaviest of all vertebrae, making them well-suited for bearing weight of torso

A

lumbar vertebrae

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20
Q

larger than cervical vertebrae with heart-shaped bodies, circular vertebral foramina, and long spinous processes that point inferiorly ; has costal facets

A

thoraic vertebrae

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21
Q

Easily identified by transverse foramina found in their transverse processes; allows passage of vertebral arteries and veins

A

cervical vertebrae

c1 and c2 are apart of thus

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22
Q

Large, teardrop-shaped vertebral foramen; lacks a vertebral body; articulate with occipital bone and C2 respectively

A

c1 or atlas

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23
Q

Prominent superior tooth-shaped projection called dens (odontoid process) protrudes from body; articulates with atlas at atlantoaxial joint; Allows for rotational movement of head at neck

A

axis

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24
Q

5 fused l vertebrae form curved triangular-shaped posterior boundary of pelvic cavity

A

sacrum

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25
Q

hornlike projections found on each side of superior aspect of coccyx

A

coccygeal cornu

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26
Q

remnants of transverse processes; on posterior surface

A

transverse regions

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27
Q

fibrocartilage pad found between bodies of adjacent vertebrae; absorbs shock and binds vertebral column together

A

intervertebral disks

28
Q

a part of the intervertebral disk; soft jelly-like substance; shock absorber

A

nucleus pulposus

29
Q

a part of the intervertebral disk; outer ring of fibro cartialedge that contains nucleus pulposes

A

anulus fibrosus

30
Q

consists of sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, and thoracic vertebrae, which form protective peripheral boundary of thoracic cavity

A

thoracic cage

31
Q

superiormost segment that has a suprasternal notch with a clavicular notch on either side, articulates with clavicles of pectoral girdle; part of thoracic cage

A

manubrium

32
Q

large middle segment of sternum

A

body

33
Q

inferior segment oc the sternum; protrusion that provides an attachment site for certain abdominal muscles

A

xyphoid process

34
Q

how do ribs attach to the thoracic vertebra?

A

Each rib attaches to a thoracic vertebra posteriorly

35
Q

how can you tell if it’s a true rib or not?

A
  • true rib is connected to cartiledge then the sternum

- false rib is connected to cartiledge and more cartiledge

36
Q

what consists of clavicle and scapula

A

pectoral girdle; appendicular region

37
Q

what end of the clavicle articulates laterally with acromion process of scapula

A

Acromial

38
Q

hook-shaped projection on anterior surface of the scapula

A

coracoid process

39
Q

inferior to coracoid process; provides an attachment site for subscapularis muscle; dished out region

A

subscapular region

40
Q

shallow indentation found on lateral surface of the scapula; articulates with humerus in shoulder joint

A

glenoid cavity

41
Q

posterior ridge of bone; crosses from medial to lateral along superior scapula and terminates as acromion at acromioclavicular joint (AC)

A

spine

42
Q

superior to spine; infraspinous fossa is inferior

A

supraspinous fossa

43
Q

largest and strongest bone of upper limb and only bone found in arm (front of arm is fore arm) (brachium); consists of two epiphyses that articulate with other bones and a long diaphysis

A

huerous

has a large humeral head

44
Q

what bones are in the forearm?

A

Lateral radius and medial ulna; held to one another by fibrous interosseous membrane

45
Q

what bone is narrow proximally, and progressively enlarges distally

A

radius

46
Q

what bone is widest at proximal epiphysis and progressively narrows as it travels distally; both epiphyses have the following anatomical features: u-shaped and coronoid process

A

ulna

47
Q

what bone consists of 8 short bones arranged in two rows containing four bones each

A

wrist/ carpal bone

48
Q

list the carpal bones from lateral to medial

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

49
Q

how are metacarpals labeled?

A

1-5 or I-V

50
Q

how do you label phalanges

A

Bones of fingers consist of 14 phalanges, each with a base, body, and head
Each finger consists of 3 bones: a proximal, middle, and distal phalanx
Thumb (pollex) consists of only a proximal and distal phalanx

51
Q

bone that’s bowl-shaped and composed of sacrum and two coxal bones; creates boundary for pelvic cavity

A

pelvis

52
Q

what bone connects the lower limbs of the trunk, supports the pelvic organs, and transmits the weight of the trunk to the legs?

A

pelvic girdle

53
Q

what three bones make up the coxal bone (hipbone)?

A
  • ilium
  • ishium
  • pubis
54
Q

what is the opening in each coxal bone, through which nerves and blood vessels travel; sits on top of ishium

A

obrator foramen

55
Q

a deep socket on lateral aspect of coxal bone

A

acetabulum

56
Q

largest and strongest bone in body and only bone in thigh; spherical head that articulates with acetabulum at hip joint

A

femur

57
Q

small pit in center of head where a small ligament attaches to stabilize joint

A

fovea capitis

58
Q

Sesamoid bone located within tendon of anterior thigh muscle; Proximal end of this is base and distal tip is apex

A

patella; knee cap

59
Q

what two bones make up the leg and are held together by interosular membrane

A

tibia and the fibula

60
Q

larger medial bone of leg; responsible for bearing weight of body; Condyles (concave depressions on this bone) are separated by a ridge called intercondylar eminence

A

tibia

61
Q

smaller lateral bone of leg, bears only one-sixth weight of tibia; Head of fibula articulates with lateral tibia proximally at proximal tibiofibular joint

A

fibula

62
Q

7 short bones make up ankle region; connects leg to foot

A

tarsals

63
Q

what’re the names of the 7 tarsal bones

A

lateral cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, medial cuneiform, cuboid, navicular, talus, calcaneous

64
Q

how are the metatarsals labeled?

A

I-V starting with big toe

65
Q

how are phalanges labeled?

A

proximal, middle, distal

66
Q

olecranon fossea, capitulum, and trochelea are all part of which bone?

A

humerous

Human Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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