Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

what are bones made up of

A
  • osseous tissue
  • dense regular and irregular collagenous connective tissue as well as bone marrow- red (homocoeic tissue) and yellow (fat storage)
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2
Q

what are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. protection
  2. mineral storage and acid-base homeostasis
  3. blood cell formation
  4. fat storage
  5. movement
  6. support
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3
Q

this bone structure is longer than it is wide; ex: humerous

A

long bone

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4
Q

this bone structure is as long as it is wide; ex: wrist and ankle bones

A

short bone

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5
Q

this bone structure is thin and broad bones; ex: pelvis, sternum

A

flat bones

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6
Q

this bone structure is doesn’t fit in the other classes; ex: vertebrae and skull

A

irregular bones

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7
Q

this bone structure is flat, round; w/in tendon; ex: patella/ knee cap

A

sesamoid bones

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8
Q

in a long bone and forms a covering, rich with blood vessels and nerves; surrounds outer surface of long bones

A

periosterum

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9
Q

anchors periosteum firmly to underlying bone surface by penetrating deep into bone matrix

A

perforating fibers (slide 17)

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10
Q

shaft of the long bone

A

diaphysis

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11
Q

end of long bone

A

epiphysis

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12
Q

marrow cavity contains what?

A

either red or yellow bone marrow, depending on bone and age of individua

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13
Q

hard, dense outer region that allows bone to resist linear compression and twisting forces among other stresses outside

A

compact bone

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14
Q

honeycomb-like framework of bony struts; allows long bones to resist forces from many directions; provides a cavity for bone marrow middle of bone

A

spongy bone

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15
Q

Bony struts of spongy bone and all inner surfaces of bone are covered by a thin membrane

A

called endosteum

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16
Q

found separating both proximal and distal epiphyses from diaphysis

A

epiphseal lines

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17
Q

Blood supply to short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones is provided mostly by vessels in where?

A

periosteum

18
Q

Long bones get a third of their blood supply from where?; mostly supplies compact bone

A

periosteum

19
Q

Remaining two-thirds (in long bone) is supplied by what?;

A

one or two nutrient arteries

20
Q

what is found in the ends of long bone in epandageous; in femur, sternum, hip, and humerous; replaced by yellow marrow

A

red blood marrow

21
Q

who has more red blood marrow a child or an adult?

A

Children need more red marrow to assist in their growth and development
; amount of red blood marrow decreases w age

22
Q

what is composed of triglycerides, blood vessels, and adipocytes

A

yellow blood marrow

23
Q

substance in inorganic matrix

A

hydroxypatetie

24
Q

predominant protein fiber; forms cross-links with one another; helps bone resist torsion (twisting) and tensile (pulling or stretching) forces

A

collagen

25
Q

describe how osteoblasts turn into osteocytes

A
  1. osteogenic cells differenciate into osteoblasts
  2. osteoblasts deposit bone until they are trapped until they become osteocytes
  3. Osteocytes maintain bone ECM
26
Q

Each osteon contains between 4 and 20 lamellae arranged in layered ring structures also known as this; rings of hard, calcified, intercellular substance

A

concentric lamallae (another way to say lamallae)

27
Q

in the osteon structure a endosteum-lined hole found in center of each osteon where blood vessels and nervesreside to supply bone

A

central canal (haversian canal)

28
Q

Osteocytes reside in where?

A

lacunae

small cavities found between lamellae; filled with extracellular fluid

29
Q

in the osteon structure a Neighboring lacunae are connected to one another by a network of small passageways or canals in matrix called what?

A

canaliculi

30
Q

Are remnants of concentric or circumferential lamellae that were partially removed during bone remodeling or after osteoclasts.

A

interstitial lamallae

31
Q

Lamellae wrapped around the long bone; Bind osteons together; part of appositional growth

A

circumferential lamallae

32
Q

originate from blood vessels in periosteum and travel at right angles (perpendicular) to central canals of osteons; through which the blood vessels and
nerves from the periosteum penetrate the compact bone.

A

perforating canals (valkmans canals)

33
Q

usually not weight-bearing like compact bone so is much less densely packed; Provide a protective structure for bone marrow tissue

A

spongy bone

34
Q

This begins in embryonic period and continues through childhood with most bones completing the process by age 7; Process of bone formation is called what

A

ossification or osteogenesis;

35
Q

Bones formed by what are built on a model (starting material) made of a membrane of embryonic connective tissue

A

intramembranous ossification

36
Q

Bones formed by what are built on a model of hyaline cartilage; most common

A

endochondral ossification

37
Q

dermal layers thicken can produce select bones; found in bones on face;

A

Dermal intramembranous formation-

38
Q

when bones grow in width its called

A

appositional growth

39
Q

concentric rings of bone matrix. This gives compact bone a great deal of strength like a tree’s rings.

A

lamallae

40
Q

multinuclei; special enzymes and acids w/in them; break fown osteon itself to provide necessary ions to keep body functioning

A

osteoclasts

41
Q

Long bones lengthen by a process called

A

longitudinal growth