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MCAT Psychology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

Self Concept

A

How someone thinks about themselves. Self concept is constant.
Two parts: Existential & Categorical

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2
Q

Existential Self

A

We are separate or distinct from other objects or people

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3
Q

Categorical Self

A

Even though objects/beings are separate from each other, we exist in the world together.

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4
Q

Social Identity Theory

A

Is a person’s sense of who they are based on their group membership

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5
Q

Self-Efficacy

A

Belief in one’s capability to succeed in a certain situation. Strong or Weak Self-efficacy. Can have low self-esteem but high self-efficacy.

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6
Q

Strong Self Efficacy

A

R - Recover quickly
I - Interests
S - Strong commitment
E - Enjoy

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7
Q

Weak Self Efficacy

A

F - Fail
A - Avoid
L - Lose
L - Lack

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8
Q

Locus of Control

A

Internal: Blames one’s self
External: Blames outside forces
Perceived control of events in life

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9
Q

Theories of Development

A

1) Freud (Psychosexual) - Personality
2) Erikson (Psychosocial) - Personality
3) Vygotsky (Sociocultural) - Cognition
4) Kohlberg (Moral development) - Cognition

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10
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages

A

1) Oral (0-1): Development - Smoke/Overeat
2) Anal (1-3): Toilet train - Orderliness/Messiness
3) Phallic (3-6): Oedipus complex
4) Latent (6-12): Social skills
5) Genital (12+): Sexual maturity

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11
Q

Erikson’s Psychosocial Development

A

1) Trust v. Mistrust (0-1)
2) Autonomy v. Shame/Doubt (1-3)
3) Initiative v. Guilt (3-6)
4) Industry v. Inferiority (6-12)
5) Identity v. Role-confusion (12-18)
6) Intimacy v. Isolation (18-35)
7) Generativity v Stagnation (35-60)
8) Integrity v. Despair (60+)

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12
Q

Sociocultural Development

A

How do one’s social interactions influence their cognition? Developed by Vygotsky

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13
Q

MKO

A

More Knowledgeable Other

Higher level of understanding/ability of task at hand

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14
Q

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

A

The difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help

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15
Q

Theory of Moral Development

A

1) Pre-moral stage
2) Conventional stage
3) Post-conventional stage

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16
Q

Social Influence

A

When one’s emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by others

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17
Q

George Mead

A

The I and the Me theory
Me - Society’s view
I - My personal view

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18
Q

Charles Cooley

A

Looking Glass Self: View of ourselves also comes from how we are being perceived by others

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19
Q

Attribution Theory

A

How we find explanations for behaviors of others.

20
Q

Kelly’s Covariation Model

A

Factors used to determine if behavior is due to internal or external factors.

21
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

We underrecognize social factors when judging someone else’s factors

22
Q

Actor Observer Bias

A

We look at our behavior as a product of environment

We look at other’s behavior as a product of internal factors

23
Q

Self Serving Bias

A

Protects & enhances our self esteem

Success is due to us, failures is due to environment

24
Q

Prejudice

A

Cognition - Stereotype
Affect - Prejudice
Behavior - Discrimination

25
Q

Is a personality more susceptible for prejudice?

A

Authoritarian

26
Q

Frustration Aggression Hypothesis

A

When frustration cannot be taken out on the source, people get more aggressive and scapegoat their frustration elsewhere.

27
Q

Hypothesis of Relative Deprevation

A

When desires become expectations which are not being met. This leads to aggression.

28
Q

Just World Hypothesis

A

Belief that noble acts are rewarded and evil acts are punished.
Helps rationalize fortune/misfortune

29
Q

Ethnocentric

A

Evaluating other people’s culture from the perspective of their own culture

30
Q

Culture Relativism

A

All cultures are of equal value and right in their own manner

31
Q

Group Polairzation

A

Groups action become more extreme than what any individual member has intended.

32
Q

Secure attachment

A

Explore the room & when mother left child gets upset and when mother comes back, child is soothed

33
Q

Insecure attachment

A

Do not explore the room & upset when mother leaves and not soothed when mother returns.

34
Q

Aggression

A

Physical or verbal behavior that is meant to destroy

35
Q

Primary Groups

A

Close intimate long term relationships

36
Q

Secondary Groups

A

Goal oriented short term relationships

37
Q

Goffman

A

People and their nature and interactions.

Responsible for “Dramaturgy”

38
Q

Dramaturgy

A

Front Stage: When people are in social setting
People put on a “front” and act
Back Stage: “Private life”

39
Q

Impression management

A

Try to manage the way we are viewed by those around us. Put on many different shows.

40
Q

Bureacracy

A

Rules, structure and ranking that guides organizations.

41
Q

Iron Rule of Oligarchy

A

Even the most democratic organizations become more bureaucratic over time.

42
Q

Ideal Bureaucracy

A

1) Division of Labor
2) Hierarchy of Organization
3) Rules & Regulations
4) Impersonality (act unbiased manner)
5) Employment on Qualifications

43
Q

Role Strain

A

Strain based on one role. Being a student and the strains of being a student

44
Q

Role Conflict

A

The problems when you have multiple roles fighting for your time

45
Q

Pseudospeciation

A

In its extreme form describes attempts to dehumanize other groups.

46
Q

Functional Attribution Error

A

When people try to find reasons for someone’s behavior, they tend to overestimate personality factors and underestimate situational factors.

47
Q

Self Serving Bias

A

When a person describes their own behavior and tend to choose attributions that are favorable to themselves. This means that people like to take credit for their good actions and let the situation account for their bad actions.

MCAT Psychology (8 decks)

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