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MCAT Psychology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Selective Attention

A

Input is attended to and rest is tuned out

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2
Q

Divided Attention

A

When/If we can perform multiple tasks simultaneously

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3
Q

Attended Channel

A

Information listened to in selective attention

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4
Q

Unattended Channel

A

Information not listened to in selective attention

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5
Q

Broadbent Filter Model of Selective Attention

A

Input –> Sensory buffer –> Selective Filter –> Higher level processing –> Working Memory

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6
Q

Treisman’s Attenuation Model

A

Input –> Sensory Buffer –> Attenuation Filter –> Higher level processing –> Working Memory

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7
Q

Resource Model of Attention

A

Limited amount of resources available when performing tasks

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8
Q

Baddeley’s Model of Working Memory

A

Phonological Loop, Visuospatial Sketchpad and Episodic Buffer are governed by the Central Executive

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9
Q

Schema

A

Mental framework

We can either assimilate to those schemas or accommodate/modify those schemas

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10
Q

Piaget’s 4 Stages of Development

A

Sensorimotor Stage: 0-2. No object permanance
Pre-operational Stage: 2-7, egocentric.
Concrete Operational Stage: 7-11. Conservation Principle
Formal Operational Stage: 12+ Moral & abstract reasoning

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11
Q

Recognition

A

Retrieving information from memory with clues

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12
Q

Recall

A

Retrieving information from memory without clues

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13
Q

Heuristics

A

Mental shortcuts

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14
Q

Functional Fixedness

A

Perceiving the functions of objects as unchanging. Ex. Keys can cut open boxes

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15
Q

Representativeness Heuristic

A

Tendency to make decision by comparison to mental stereotypes.
Ex. Skateboarders get in trouble.

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16
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

Tendency to make decision based on how readily information is called to memories.
Ex. Crime rates in the country (skewed)

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17
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Structures in the brainstem that control alertness and arousal

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18
Q

Relaxation Stage

A

Alpha Waves

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19
Q

Stage 1 Sleep

A

Theta Waves

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20
Q

Stage 2 Sleep

A

Theta waves, K complexes, sleep spindles

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21
Q

Stage 3 & 4 Sleep

A

Delta Waves

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22
Q

REM Sleep

A

Resemble beta waves. Muscle atonia.

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23
Q

Freud’s Dream Theory

A

Dreams are subconscious thoughts

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24
Q

Manifest Content

A

Literally what the dream was about

25
Q

Latent Content

A

What the dream actually represents

26
Q

Insomnia

A

Difficulty falling or staying asleep

27
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sleep disorder where you experience periods of intense sleepiness

28
Q

Somnabulism

A

Sleepwalking

29
Q

Nucleus Acumbens

A

Pleasure center of the brain

30
Q

Universal Emotion

A

Happy, Sad, Fear, Anger, Disgust and Surprise

31
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

One will perform best when moderately aroused.

32
Q

James Lange Theory

A

Stimulus –> Physiological response (Inc HR) –> Interpretation of physiological response –> Emotion (Happy)
Sad because you cry not cry because you are sad

33
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory

A

Stimulus –> Physiological response (Inc HR) & Emotion (Happy)

34
Q

Schachter-Singer Theory

A

Stimulus –> Physiological response (Inc HR) –> Labeling PR & Event (I like it) –> Emotion (Happy)

35
Q

Lazarus Theory

A

Event –> Appraisal (Label) –> Emotion + Physiological Response)

36
Q

HAT Hippo

A

H: Hypothalamus (ANS innervatino)
A: Amygdala (Emotional control & inhibition)
T: Thalamus (relay see/hear/feel/taste) NOT smell
Hippocampus: Working memory

37
Q

Appraisal

A 
How it is interpreted by an individual. 
Primary appraisal (what threat right now)  Secondary appraisal (ability to cope with this stress)
38
Q

Stressors

A

1) Significant Life Change
2) Catestrophic Events
3) Daily Hassles
4) Ambient Stressors (Pollution/Noise etc)

39
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

1st Phase: Alarm
2nd Phase: Resistance
3rd Phase: Exhaustion

40
Q

Effect of Stress on Heart

A

Increase BP

Vascular disease

41
Q

Effect of Stress on Metabolism

A

Increases Cortisol

Increased Glucagon increases glucose supply (extra blood sugar harmful)

42
Q

Effect of Stress on Reproduction

A

LH & FSH inhibited, decreases reproductive abilities.

Decrease in testosterone in men.

43
Q

Effect of Stress on Immune System

A

Increased in inflammation

44
Q

Effect of Stress on Behavior

A

Depression & Anger

45
Q

Universalism

A

Thoughts come before language. Thoughts determines our language.
Guinea people did not have thoughts of different colors to have words for it.

46
Q

Piaget’s Thoughts

A

Thoughts influence language.

Once children can think a certain way, they then develop language to describe these thoughts.

47
Q

Vygotsky Theory of Thought

A

Thoughts and language are independent of each other but eventually you learn to use them at the same time.

48
Q

Weak Hypothesis of Linguistic Determinism

A

Language influences thoughts.

Easier to think in certain ways depending on our language.

49
Q

Strong Hypothesis of Linguistic Determinism

A

Language determines thoughts completely.

Aka Whorfian Hypothesis.

50
Q

Nativist/Innatist Theory

A

Noam Chomsky
Children are born with the ability to learn language
Children have Language Activation Device (LAD) which operates during critical period and allows to learn language.

51
Q

Learning Theory

A

Children are not born with the ability to learn they only acquire language through reinforcement.

52
Q

Interactionist Approach

A

Biological + Social factors have to interact in order for children to learn language.
Vygotsky

53
Q

Broca’s Area

A

Helps us speak
Left frontal lobe
Needed in language expression

54
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Helps us understand language

Temporal Lobe

55
Q

Broca’s Aphasia

A

Broken Speech

Trouble producing speech, words become halting or slurred.

56
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

No trouble producing words but the words do not make sense. Nonsense sentences.

57
Q

Global Aphasia

A

Broca’s & Wernicke’s Aphasia

58
Q

Broca’s area and wernicke’s area are connected by a fiber bundle called what?

A

Arcuate Fasciulus

MCAT Psychology (8 decks)

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