Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is transfixing of the vein? What should you do?
When the needle enters the top of the vein and then punctures the bottom of the vein too. Pull back on the needle.
What is a shallow needle? What should you do to remedy this?
If needle is not completely inserted into the vein and the tube fills slowly. Push the needle further into the vein.
What is it when the flow is blocked by the vein wall? What should you do?
May be needle bevel that is resting against the wall of the vein. Establish blood flow by rotating the needle slightly.
What can cause a tube error?
Expired or damaged tube may lose their vacuum
What is a missed vein? What should you do?
Needle may slide off a vein particularly if the wall is tough or vein was not anchored well. May be able to redirect.
What is venous collapse. What should you do?
Pressure exerted on a vein by the tube overpowers the vein and causes the collapse. Try removing the tube to see if the vein will refill then use a smaller tube or a syringe.
What are 7 patient-based sources of error?
- Exercise
- Failure to fast
- Emotional stress
- Drugs
- Biological sex
- Environment-based
- Altitude
What is another name for environment-based sources of error?
White coat syndrome
What is hemolysis?
Rapture of blood cells
What is hemoconcentration?
If the tourniquet is left on too long it concentrates the cells as the fluid pools below the site of the tourniquet. It will yield incorrect tests.
What are incorrect levels?
If you use the incorrect order of the draw. Do another draw with a clean needle.
What is basal state?
Baseline state
What does npo mean?
Nothing by mouth
What is required for an early morning basal state ?
Ends a 12 hour fast
What is at rest basal state?
Patient should be resting prior to lab work to ensure a balanced metabolic and electrolyte level in the blood
What allows patients to refuse a draw?
Patient bill of rights
If a patient refuses a draw, what should you do? 3
- Remind them the doctor has ordered the blood for a specific reason
- Try to put the patient at ease
- If they still refuse, document the refusal in the chart and and notify a superior
What is syncope and what should you do? 6
Fainting.
- Have them lay down while drawing blood, hold their attention.
- If they do faint, tourniquet and needle should be removed.
- Protect patients head.
- Revive the patient gently.
- Monitor the condition.
- Report to manager.
What is petechia?
Tiny red dots that appear around the area of a draw when small amounts of blood have entered the surrounding tissue.
What is a hematoma?
When blood leaks around the vein. It is when the needle is only partially inserted into the vein. Blood escapes around the bevel. You should apply pressure and apply a cold pack.
Why would the lab reject a sample
Because of labeling?
Label completely and accurately.
What is a rejected compromised sample?
A sample that is hemolyzed or hemoconcentrated may be rejected if the condition interferes with the test being performed. Also if they are contaminated with chemicals, incorrect additives, or other substances.
Why would a sample be rejected based on the tube?
Could be incorrect tube or an expired
Tube.
