Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is another name for the mouth?
Buccal cavity
What is another name for chewing?
Mastication
What is another name for the breakdown of food by enzymes?
Chemical digestion
What is another name for physical process of chewing?
Mechanical digestion
What is another name for the small ball-shaped mass of chewed, moistened food?
Bolus
What is another name for the muscular squeezing of the digestive tract to push food along the system?
Peristalsis
What is the thick liquid substance food becomes in the stomach?
Chyme
Where is the final set of chemical digestive enzymes found?
Pancreas
What is another name for large intestine?
Colin
Where are nutrients absorbed?
Small intestine
Where is water absorbed?
Large intestine
What does the endocrine system do?
Regulation of the body
What does the endocrine system use to regulate the body?
Hormones
What is another word for stable body referring to the endocrine system?
Homeostasis
What are the ovaries and testes called in relation to the endocrine system?
Gonads
What do endocrine glands do?
Release hormones both locally and systematically
What is the locally released hormone called?
Paracrine secretion
What does the gall bladder and liver do?
Digests fats
What does the pancreas do?
Secretes glucose
What are the organs of the digestive system? 9
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Liver
- Pancreas
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Anus
- Rectum
What is another name for pituitary gland?
Master gland
What is another name for hypothalamic gland?
Control center
What is the thyroid gland for?
Metabolism T3 and T4
What does the parathyroid do?
Regulates calcium
What are the two parts of the adrenal gland and what do they do?
Cortex - cortisol
Medulla - epi - fight or flight - adrenalin
What does the digestive system do?
Break down food into usable form of energy for the body
What does the immune system do?
Protects body from diseases
What is the antigen presentation?
Distinguishes you from everyone else
What do the lymphocytes do to the antigens?
Recognizes them as self or non-self
What is it called when one cell attacks another?
Apoptosis
What is special about viruses? 3
- Do not have reproductive capability
- Always intracellular
- Do not react to antibiotics
What is different about bacteria?
- Can be totally extra cellular
- B type lymphocytes form antibodies
- Process coats the pathogen with antibodies
What are microbes?
Very small organisms
What is a pathogen?
Microbes that pose a potential risk
What is unique about humoral immune system ?
What you are born with
What is adaptive immune system?
Producing your own antibodies. Once you have them, they are stored
What does the adaptive immune system help with?
Protects us from serious disease after receiving an immunization
What does the integumentary system for? 3
- Protection
- Thermoregulation
- Activation of vitamin D by the sun
What are the 3 most common parts of the integumentary system?
Skin, hair, nails
What is the relationship between respiratory system and the cardiovascular system?
Respiratory system brings oxygen into the body; cardiovascular system spreads it throughout the body
How many bones are in the body?
206
What is the production of blood cells in marrow called?
Hemopoeisis
What bones are responsible for Hemopoeisis ?
Long bones
The nervous system is made up of what two divisions?
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
What organs make up the urinary system?
- Kidneys
- Urinary bladder
- Urethra
What is the top layer of skin called?
Epidermis
What is the second layer of skin called?
Dermis
What do the capillaries in the skin do?
Exchange
What does the dermis sit on?
Subcutaneous tissue
What is the lubricating oil in the skin called?
Sebum
What is the function of the musculoskeletal system? 3
- Provides framework to body
- Allows muscles to move
- Protects organs
What do ligaments do?
Connect bone to other bone
What do joints do
Provides protection of bones that are together
What do tendons do?
Connect bone to muscle
What are the 4 long bones?
- Fibia
- Tibia
- Femur
- Humerus
What are the short bones?
Hands and feet
What are the flat bones?
Skull and ribs (protection)
What are the irregular bones?
Vertebral column
What are voluntary muscles called?
Striated muscle
What are the involuntary muscles called?
Visceral
What does the visceral muscles do?
Lines the circumference of muscular arteries.
What does the nervous system do?
Allows us to make voluntary and involuntary actions
What two things does the central nervous system control?
Brain and spinal cord
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of ?
Nerves that branch out from spinal cord – peripheral neurology
What is the several layers of dense connective tissue around the spinal cord called?
Meninges
What is the thin plasma like fluid around the meninges and nervous tissue called?
Cerebral spinal fluid
What are the secondary gonads?
Testicles and ovaries
What is the function of the respiratory system?
Changes pressure in the thoracic cavity and moves air in and out of the lungs. Provides oxygen to cells and blood
What is the distant parts of the lung air spaces called?
Alveoli
What is the waste product of the cellular metabolism of glucose called?
Carbon dioxide
What does negative pressure in the lungs do?
Wants you to breathe back in.
What does the urinary system do?
Responsible for filtering and eliminating liquid waste from the body
What is one of the main functions of the kidney?
Pull out nitrogenous waste product out of the blood supply and excrete it
What does BUN stand for?
Blood urea nitrogen – test for kidneys
What happens if you a lot of urea in the system?
Less kidney function.
