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Phlebotomy > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for the mouth?

A

Buccal cavity

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2
Q

What is another name for chewing?

A

Mastication

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3
Q

What is another name for the breakdown of food by enzymes?

A

Chemical digestion

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4
Q

What is another name for physical process of chewing?

A

Mechanical digestion

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5
Q

What is another name for the small ball-shaped mass of chewed, moistened food?

A

Bolus

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6
Q

What is another name for the muscular squeezing of the digestive tract to push food along the system?

A

Peristalsis

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7
Q

What is the thick liquid substance food becomes in the stomach?

A

Chyme

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8
Q

Where is the final set of chemical digestive enzymes found?

A

Pancreas

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9
Q

What is another name for large intestine?

A

Colin

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10
Q

Where are nutrients absorbed?

A

Small intestine

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11
Q

Where is water absorbed?

A

Large intestine

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12
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

Regulation of the body

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13
Q

What does the endocrine system use to regulate the body?

A

Hormones

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14
Q

What is another word for stable body referring to the endocrine system?

A

Homeostasis

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15
Q

What are the ovaries and testes called in relation to the endocrine system?

A

Gonads

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16
Q

What do endocrine glands do?

A

Release hormones both locally and systematically

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17
Q

What is the locally released hormone called?

A

Paracrine secretion

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18
Q

What does the gall bladder and liver do?

A

Digests fats

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19
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Secretes glucose

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20
Q

What are the organs of the digestive system? 9

A
  1. Mouth
  2. Esophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Liver
  5. Pancreas
  6. Small intestine
  7. Large intestine
  8. Anus
  9. Rectum
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21
Q

What is another name for pituitary gland?

A

Master gland

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22
Q

What is another name for hypothalamic gland?

A

Control center

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23
Q

What is the thyroid gland for?

A

Metabolism T3 and T4

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24
Q

What does the parathyroid do?

A

Regulates calcium

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25
Q

What are the two parts of the adrenal gland and what do they do?

A

Cortex - cortisol

Medulla - epi - fight or flight - adrenalin

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26
Q

What does the digestive system do?

A

Break down food into usable form of energy for the body

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27
Q

What does the immune system do?

A

Protects body from diseases

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28
Q

What is the antigen presentation?

A

Distinguishes you from everyone else

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29
Q

What do the lymphocytes do to the antigens?

A

Recognizes them as self or non-self

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30
Q

What is it called when one cell attacks another?

A

Apoptosis

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31
Q

What is special about viruses? 3

A
  1. Do not have reproductive capability
  2. Always intracellular
  3. Do not react to antibiotics
32
Q

What is different about bacteria?

A
  1. Can be totally extra cellular
  2. B type lymphocytes form antibodies
  3. Process coats the pathogen with antibodies
33
Q

What are microbes?

A

Very small organisms

34
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

Microbes that pose a potential risk

35
Q

What is unique about humoral immune system ?

A

What you are born with

36
Q

What is adaptive immune system?

A

Producing your own antibodies. Once you have them, they are stored

37
Q

What does the adaptive immune system help with?

A

Protects us from serious disease after receiving an immunization

38
Q

What does the integumentary system for? 3

A
  1. Protection
  2. Thermoregulation
  3. Activation of vitamin D by the sun
39
Q

What are the 3 most common parts of the integumentary system?

A

Skin, hair, nails

40
Q

What is the relationship between respiratory system and the cardiovascular system?

A

Respiratory system brings oxygen into the body; cardiovascular system spreads it throughout the body

41
Q

How many bones are in the body?

A

206

42
Q

What is the production of blood cells in marrow called?

A

Hemopoeisis

43
Q

What bones are responsible for Hemopoeisis ?

A

Long bones

44
Q

The nervous system is made up of what two divisions?

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

45
Q

What organs make up the urinary system?

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Urinary bladder
  3. Urethra
46
Q

What is the top layer of skin called?

A

Epidermis

47
Q

What is the second layer of skin called?

A

Dermis

48
Q

What do the capillaries in the skin do?

A

Exchange

49
Q

What does the dermis sit on?

A

Subcutaneous tissue

50
Q

What is the lubricating oil in the skin called?

A

Sebum

51
Q

What is the function of the musculoskeletal system? 3

A
  1. Provides framework to body
  2. Allows muscles to move
  3. Protects organs
52
Q

What do ligaments do?

A

Connect bone to other bone

53
Q

What do joints do

A

Provides protection of bones that are together

54
Q

What do tendons do?

A

Connect bone to muscle

55
Q

What are the 4 long bones?

A
  1. Fibia
  2. Tibia
  3. Femur
  4. Humerus
56
Q

What are the short bones?

A

Hands and feet

57
Q

What are the flat bones?

A

Skull and ribs (protection)

58
Q

What are the irregular bones?

A

Vertebral column

59
Q

What are voluntary muscles called?

A

Striated muscle

60
Q

What are the involuntary muscles called?

A

Visceral

61
Q

What does the visceral muscles do?

A

Lines the circumference of muscular arteries.

62
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

Allows us to make voluntary and involuntary actions

63
Q

What two things does the central nervous system control?

A

Brain and spinal cord

64
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of ?

A

Nerves that branch out from spinal cord – peripheral neurology

65
Q

What is the several layers of dense connective tissue around the spinal cord called?

A

Meninges

66
Q

What is the thin plasma like fluid around the meninges and nervous tissue called?

A

Cerebral spinal fluid

67
Q

What are the secondary gonads?

A

Testicles and ovaries

68
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

Changes pressure in the thoracic cavity and moves air in and out of the lungs. Provides oxygen to cells and blood

69
Q

What is the distant parts of the lung air spaces called?

A

Alveoli

70
Q

What is the waste product of the cellular metabolism of glucose called?

A

Carbon dioxide

71
Q

What does negative pressure in the lungs do?

A

Wants you to breathe back in.

72
Q

What does the urinary system do?

A

Responsible for filtering and eliminating liquid waste from the body

73
Q

What is one of the main functions of the kidney?

A

Pull out nitrogenous waste product out of the blood supply and excrete it

74
Q

What does BUN stand for?

A

Blood urea nitrogen – test for kidneys

75
Q

What happens if you a lot of urea in the system?

A

Less kidney function.

Phlebotomy (11 decks)

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