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Phlebotomy > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many quarts of blood are there in an individual?

A
  1. Men 5-6 and women 4-5
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2
Q

What is whole blood composed of?

A

60% plasma and 40% formed elements

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3
Q

What are the formed elements classified as? (3)

A
  1. Red blood cells
  2. White blood cells
  3. Platelets
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4
Q

What’s another name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

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5
Q

What’s another name for white blood cells?

A

Leukocytes

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6
Q

What’s another name for platelets?

A

Thrombocytes

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7
Q

What does plasma do?

A
  1. Transports blood cells
  2. Transports dissolved gases
  3. Transports other chemical substances
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8
Q

What is plasma composed of? 2

A
  1. 90% water

2. 10% dissolved solutes such as glucose, fats, antibodies, hormones, respiratory gas

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9
Q

What is the procedure for producing a plasma specimen? 4

A
  1. Perform blood draw with a plasma producing tube
  2. Centrifuge tube for 15 minutes
  3. Pipette or pour plasma into a separate specimen container
  4. Label and send specimen to the lab
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10
Q

What is serum?

A

Plasma with the fibrin removed which is the substance that forms clots in the blood

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11
Q

How much testing is done using serum?

A

60%

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12
Q

What are the functions of blood? (4)

A
  1. Provides nutrients
  2. Oxygen
  3. Chemical substances
  4. Waste removal for cells
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13
Q

What is normal pH scale?

A

7.4

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14
Q

What do you have to do to obtain serum?

A

Blood sample must be allowed to coagulate at least 30 minutes

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15
Q

What is the reason for letting the blood coagulate?

A

Allows the fibrin clot to form

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16
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

Made up of hemoglobin contained in a membrane. Function within the veins and capillary vessels

17
Q

Where are blood cells produced and stored?

A

In bone marrow and spleen

18
Q

What is the production of red blood cells known as?

A

Hemopoiesis

19
Q

What is it called when a new erythrocyte is produced?

A

Reticulocyte

20
Q

What are white blood cells known as?

A

Body’s internal defense system

21
Q

What is neutrophils?

A

First responders to the beginning stages of

Inflammation

22
Q

What is eosinophils? 3

A
  1. Responsible for attacking multicellular parasites
  2. Suppresses asthma and allergies
  3. Detoxifies the body
23
Q

What is basophils? 2

A
  1. Carry histamine. Causes the symptoms of an allergic reaction
  2. Releases heparin
24
Q

What are monocytes?

A

Destroys cells by phagocytosis-eat bacteria. Increased numbers mean bacterial infection

25
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A
  1. Attack the pathogen

2. B cells begin to release immunoglobulins that produce antibodies.

26
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

Body’s ability to clot and close a wound

27
Q

What is Vasoconstriction?

A

Vessel that was damaged narrows in order to slow the blood flow

28
Q

What is Platelet plug formation?

A

Platelets adhere to each other

29
Q

What is fibrin clot formation?

A

Scan

30
Q

What is fibrinolysis?

A

When the clot is no longer needed. Plasmin breaks up the fibrin clot and removed by special cells.

31
Q

What is the Buffy coat?

A

Lipids between plasma and formed elements

32
Q

What is anemia?

A

Lower than normal number of red

Blood cells in the circulatory system

33
Q

What is leukemia?

A

Higher than normal white blood cells characterized by many abnormal cell forms

34
Q

What is neutropenia?

A

Abnormally low levels of white blood cells

35
Q

What is polycythemia?

A

Production of too many red blood cells

36
Q

What is thrombocytosis?

A

Increased platelets

37
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Decreased platelets

38
Q

What is the purpose of red blood cells?

A

Oxygenate the blood

Phlebotomy (11 decks)

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