chapter 7

Question 1

photo synthetic organisms

Answer 1

forests plants, protists, kelp, cyanobacteria

Question 2

leaf structure

Answer 2

-stomata

Question 3

stomata

Answer 3

microscopic openings on leaves… that open and close to allow exchange of gasses (CO2 diffuses into the leaf, O2 and water diffuses out of leave); they keep things from going out so that they do not lose water (will close during the day and open at night to ensure that they don’t lose water)

Question 4

thylakoid

Answer 4

• in cholorplast

- green membrane bound disks within chloroplasts contain pigments (ex: chlorophylls)

Question 5

stroma

Answer 5

thick, sugary gliud around thlyakoids in chloroplasts

Question 6

pigmenta

Answer 6

molecules in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that absorb light energy

Question 7

why do leaves turn color in autumn

Answer 7

-plants stop using chlorophyll

Question 8

photosynthesis parts

Answer 8

1. light reactions (preparing ingredients

2. calvin cycle (making sugars)

Question 9

Part 1 of photosynthesis

Answer 9

light reactions (photons of energy from light are used)

1. split water (separate hydrogen and oxygen)
2. sunlight is used to excite hydrogen electrons from water to high energy state (as they fall down to a lower energy state they pass through an electron transport chain where ATP is generated) - occurs on thylakoid membranes
3. photons from sunlight excites the electrons a second time (high energy hydrogen electrons are carried to the calvin cycle; has to happen in the day because it requires sunlight)

Question 10

where does energy come from in cellular respiration to create ATP?

Answer 10

food (sugar)

Question 11

where does energy come from in photosynthesis to create ATP

Answer 11

sun

Question 12

part 2 of photosynthesis calvin cycle

Answer 12

glucose is made in the calvin cycle using…
1. CO2 from the air
2. hydrogen electrons (and protons) from the water from light reactions
3. CHO bonded together using the energy in ATP from light reactions
-called carbon fixation
occurs in the stroma
-does not require sunlight

Question 13

photosynthesis summary

Answer 13

see slide 23

Question 14

glucose is used for…

Answer 14

cellular respiration, celluluose, starch, and making organic molecules
everything starts with glucose!

Question 15

greenhouses

Answer 15

• greenhouses used to grow plants in the winter
• solar radiation (sunlight) enters through glass or plastic
• solar radiation heats up the surfaces and air inside (heat rises)
• the glass or plastic traps some of the heat raising the temperature inside (like your car on a sunny day)

Question 16

greenhouse effect on earth

Answer 16

• solar radiation warms the earth’s surfaces
• greenhouse gases in atmosphere trap some of the heat
• natural process that raises earth’s temperature about 18C or 50F (good thing)
• normally CO2 is .03% in the atmosphere compared to O2 which is %

Question 17

greenhouses gases include

Answer 17

CO2, water vapor, methane

Question 18

global warming/climate change

Answer 18

• occurs when too much heat is trapped because of increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
• since the beginning of the industrial revolution, CO2 in the atmosphere has increased about 30% (mostly due to combustion of carbon-based fossil fuels

Question 19

global wamring

Answer 19

excessive greenhouse effect; can bring about climate change

- not a good thing because it can change our climate, plants and animals do not have time to adapt

Question 20

temperature change during the 20th century

Answer 20

1.1F