ribosomes
where proteins are sythesized or made
two locations of ribosomes
bound and free ribosomes
bound ribosomes
attached to the outside of the nucleus or membranes of the rough ER
free ribosomes
suspended in the fluid of the rough er or cytoplasm
smooth ER
functions = 1. synthesize lipids (fats) and 2. detoxification of drugs and toxins
transport vesicles
membrane-bound sacs; transport system with the cell to carry proteins to other organelles, secrete them outside of the cell
Golgi Apparatus
- modifies products (proteins) of ER
- stores products until needed
- distributes (sends out using transport vesicles)
* *think of it as a center for manufactuing, warehousing and shipping
ex: insuline
membrane-bound sacs
“bud” off from the rough ER, Golgi apparatus etc.
lysosomes
vesicles which carry digestive enzymes that
- digesting food within a cell
- recycle molecules by breaking down worn out or damaged organelles and other objects
- programmed destruction of cells (called apoptosis) (ex: web b/t the fingers of humans, tail of tadpole)
central vacuole in plants
a membrane-bound sac
- storage of water and other substances
- overfills with water (under pressure, like a water balloon, to give plants support)(plants can stand straighter with more water b/c it basically pumpsthe plant back up)
- can be half of the space in plant cells
mitochondria
- energy centers for all eukaryotic cells in both animals and plants
- where cellular respiration takes place (process of harvesting energy from foods and converting that energy into ATP
ATP
the carrier of the small unit of energy which powers everything in the cell
chloroplasts
- plant cells only
- membrane-bound sacs where photosynthesis takes place (converts solar energy into chemical energy in the bonds of sugar molecules)
