Chapter 7 Flashcards
Flexibility
The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allows the full range of motion of a joint
In today’s society nearly everyone is plagued by postural imbalances largely as the result of…
Sedentary lifestyles, advancements in technology, and repetitive movements.
Extensibility
Capability to be elongated or stretched
Dynamic range of motion
The combination of flexibility and the nervous systems ability to control this range I motion efficiently
Neuromuscular efficiency
The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to work synergistically to produce, reduce and dynamically stabilize the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion
Postural Distortion patterns
Predictable patterns of muscle imbalances
Relative flexibility
The tendency of the body to seek the path of least resistance during functional movement patterns
Muscle imbalance
Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint
Muscle imbalances can be caused by
Postural stress Emotional duress Repetitive movement Cumulative trauma Poor training technique Lack of core strength Lack of neuromuscular efficiency
Muscle imbalances may be caused by OR result in
Altered reciprocal inhibition
Synergistic dominance
Arthrokinetic dysfunction
Overal decreased neuromuscular control
Altered reciprocal inhibition
The concept of muscle inhibition cause by a tight agonist which inhibits it’s functional antagonist
Reciprocal inhibition
The simultaneous contraction of one muscle and the relaxation of it’s antagonists to allow movement to take place
Synergistic dominance
The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when inappropriate muscles take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover
Arthrokinematics
The motions of joints in the body
Arthrokinetic dysfunction
Altered forces at the joint that results in abnormal muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular communication at the joint
Mechanoreceptors (sensory receptors)
Located in muscles and tendons help to determine muscle balance or imbalance. Include muscle Spindles and Golgi tendon organs
Muscle spindles
Muscle spindles are the major sensory organ of the muscle and are composed of microscopic fibers that lie parallel to the muscle fiber
What is the function of the muscle spindle?
To help prevent muscles from stretching too far or too fast
Golgi tendon organs
Located within the musculotendinous junction which is where the muscle and tendon meet.
What does the Golgi tendon do?
When excited the Golgi tendon organ causes the muscle to reals which prevents the muscle from bring placed under excessive stress which could result in injury
Prolonged Golgi tendon organ stimulation provides
An inhibitory action to muscle spindles
Autoagenic inhibition
Process by which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscle to contract , providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles
Autoagenic inhibition is one of the main principles used in
Flexibility training
Pattern overload
Consistently repeating the same pattern motion, May place abnormal stresses on body
Flexibility training is used for
Correcting muscle imbalances
Increasing joint range if motion
Decreasing excessive muscle tension
Relieving joint stress
David’s law
Soft tissue models along the lines of stress
Integrated flexibility continuum
Corrective STATIC
Active ACTIVE ISOLATED
Functional DYNAMIC
Static stretching
Performed after SMR
hold for 30 secs to activated Autoagenic inhibition
Used in stabilization of opt model
Active stretching
Move into stretch
Hold for 1 to 2 secs
Repeating for 5 to 10 reps
Used in strength of opt model
Dynamic stretching
Active extension of a muscle moving through a full range of motion at higher speed
Reciprocal inhibition
Sets of exercises
