Chapter 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Biomechanics

A

Science concerned with internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects

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1
Q

Movement

A

Represents the functioning of the 3 main systems, the nervous system (central and peripheral), the skeletal (articular) and the muscular system.

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2
Q

What does Anatomical locations refer to?

A

Refers to terms that describe specific locations or landmarks on the body

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3
Q

What are the anatomic locations?

A
Superior
Inferior 
Proximal 
Distal
Anterior
Posterior
Medial
Lateral
Contra lateral
Ipsilateral
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4
Q

Superior

A

Position ABOVE a reference point

Ex. The femur (thigh bone) is superior to the tibia (shin bone)

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5
Q

Inferior

A

Position BELOW a reference point.

Ex. The calcaneous (heel bone) is inferior to the patella (knee bone)

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6
Q

Proximal

A

Position nearest the center of the body or point reference. Ex. The knee is more proximal to the hip than the ankle

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7
Q

Distal

A

Position AWAY from the center of the body or point of reference.
Ex. The ankle is more distal to the hip than the knee

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8
Q

Anterior

A

Position ON or TOWARD the front of the body.

Ex. The quads are located on the anterior aspect of the thigh

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9
Q

Posterior

A

Position ON or TOWARD te back of the body.

Ex. The hamstring complex is located on the posterior aspect of the thigh.

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10
Q

Medial

A

Position closer to the midline of the body.

Ex. The adductors are on the medial side of the thigh

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11
Q

Lateral

A

Position farther away from the midline of the body.

Ex. The ears are in the lateral side if the head

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12
Q

Contralateral

A

Position on the opposite side of the body

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13
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Position in the same side of the body

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14
Q

Planes of motion

A

Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse

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15
Q

Anatomic position

A

Body facing forward with palms facing front

16
Q

What is Sagittal plane.
It’s axis.
The movements

A

Body divided into left and right halves occurs around a coronal axis.movements are flexion and extension

17
Q

Frontal plane
It’s axis
Movement

A

Divides body into front and back halves.
Anterior and posterior axis
Adduction, abduction,eversion, inversion at the foot and ankle complex, lateral flexing of the spine.

18
Q

Flexion

A

Bending in which two adjacent segments decreases

19
Q

Extension

A

Angle between two adjacent segment increases

20
Q

Abduction

A

Movement in frontal plane where the body moves away from midline of the body

21
Q

Adduction

A

Movement where the body moves inward towards the midline of the body

22
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

Bending of the spine from side to side or side bending

23
Q

Eversion and inversion

A

Movement of the calcaneous and tarsals

24
Q

Transverse plane
Axis
Movements

A

Top and bottom halves
Longitudal or vertical axis
Internal and external rotations for limbs
Head and trunk right and left rotation
Horizontal abduction and adduction
Radioulnoir (forearm) pronation and supination

25
Q

Internal rotation

A

Rotation of a joint toward the middle o the body

26
Q

External rotation

A

Rotation of joint away from middle of the body

27
Q

Scapular motion and it’s movements

A

Motions of the shoulder blades. Retraction protraction elevation and depression

28
Q

Retraction

A

Shoulder blades move inward toward midline

29
Q

Protraction

A

Shoulder blades move away from midline

30
Q

Elevation

A

Upward motion of scapula

31
Q

Depression

A

Downward movement of shoulder blades

32
Q

Muscle actions

A

Isotonic (eccentric and concentric)
Isometric (length)
Isokinetic ( motion)

33
Q

Eccentric

A
  • Muscle develops tension while lengthening
  • moving in the same direction as the resistance
  • Deceleration
34
Q

Concentric

A

Moving in opposite direction of force

Accelerates or produces force

35
Q

Isometric

A

Constant length, no change in muscle length

36
Q

Isokinetic

A

Muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion

37
Q

Isotonic

A

Constant tension in the muscle

38
Q

Isotonics components

A

Eccentric and concentric