Chapter 7

Question 0

Packet switching

Answer 0

Centralized system in 5 level hierarchies

Question 1

Circuit switching

Answer 1

Original for telephony. Connected two people

Question 2

Fiber optics

Answer 2

Moved info at the speed of light. Originally in 1794

Question 3

Transmission Control Protocol

Answer 3

Allows computers to easily communicate with each other over a network.

Question 4

Hypertext transport protocol

Answer 4

Enables standardized transfer of text from one address to another

Question 5

Time space compression

Answer 5

Electronic communication has reduced distance between people. Has sped up our notions of time. FaceTime. Texting

Question 5

Private industry

Answer 5

Competition. Customers purchased equipment that wasn’t compatible with other companies. Western union was a monopoly. Promotes technological advancements and innovation.

Question 6

Government industry

Answer 6

Built on principle of public service, universal access. Can inhibit growth if it challenges established system

Question 7

Internet

Answer 7

Cheaper to produce software and hardware yet cost goes up. Still have to pay for it

Question 8

Broadband

Answer 8

Large amount of bandwidth to be transferred

Question 9

Bandwidth

Answer 9

Electromagnetic frequency or spectrum available to delivering content

Question 10

Sarnoffs law

Answer 10

Radio and tv. Value of network increases linearly with number of people on it. Audience is silent/passive. Doesn’t work when members can’t communicate

Question 11

Metcalfes law

Answer 11

Ethernet protocol. Value isn’t defined. Law assumes all connections are equal which isn’t true. N(n-1)/ root 2

Question 12

Reeds law

Answer 12

Exponential. Value grows with more guests on the network

Question 13

Peer to peer model

Answer 13

Interconnected group of computers are all equal in their ability to send, store, and receive information. Non-hierarchical. Can send spam. Needs same amount of bandwidth to upload and download

Question 14

Client server model

Answer 14

Relies on centralized computer that audience accesses. A single server can be overloaded and vulnerable

Question 15

Digital distribution

Answer 15

1. Electrons. Minuscule space 
2 low distribution costs. Travel @ speed of light.
3 perfect infinite copies
4 instant 
5 isn't dependent on central location
6 audience can distribute

Question 16

Issues

Answer 16

Watermarks make things more secure so artists get credit.

• humiliation (viral nudes)
• print media disconnects people. Satellite based electronic media creates global village