Chapter 7 Flashcards
How much percentage of water is there with the 5 oceans?
97%.
What does salinity mean?
a term that describes the saltiness of water.
Ocean water is about _______ percent salt.
3.5.
Sodium Chloride is mostly what?
Made up of ocean water.
What are salt evaporation ponds?
They are set up to harvest salt from the ocean.
What are sources of salt?
look on page 156. ACTUALLY LOOK. don’t just click through this card.
What are the five oceans in the world?
Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern.
What are surface ocean currents?
wind-driven currents that move at the ocean surface, often for long distances.
What are gyres?
large rotating ocean current systems.
What does the North Atlantic Gyre compose of?
Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Drift, Canary, and North Equatorial. Look on page 159 for the diagram.
What are deep ocean currents?
density- and temperature- driven currents that move slowly within the ocean; also called thermohaline currents.
What is a crest?
the high point of a wave.
What is a trough?
the low point of a wave.
What is an amplitude?
the vertical distance between a wave crest or trough and the average level of motion.
What is a wavelength?
the distance between two wave crests, or the distance between two wave troughs.
What is a period?
the time to pass by a single point.
What kind of shape does a wave make in the water?
A circular motion.
What is a fetch?
the amount of open water over which wind blows.
What are swells?
long, fast-moving waves.
What is a wave train?
many waves traveling together.
What is the Beaufort Wind Force Scale?
used to describe the intensity of wind, scale goes from 0-12, each level of the scale refers to wind speed and its effects, used on land to record wind speed as a measure for weather conditions.
What is a tsunami?
a huge wave made by a large disturbance like an underwater earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption.
What is a marine?
a term that describes things that are part of or from the ocean.
What is beach?
an area of coastal sand between, the low tide line ad the line of permanent vegetation.
What is a backshore?
the part of a beach above the high tide line.
What is a foreshore?
the part of a beach between the high and low tide lines; also called the intertidal zone.
What are tidal flats?
a flat, muddy area in the foreshore.
What is the most obvious feature of a beach?
SAND!!!!
Where are tidal flats located?
The intertidal zone.
What do tidal flats have mostly?
dark, sticky mud.
Are waves the key difference between tidal flats and beaches?
YES.
What is coarse sand?
remaining particles from broken grains etc.
What are the hard minerals?
Quartz and Feldspar.
What happens to the waves during winter?
waves are stronger on the coasts of the United States than during the summer.
What happens to the waves during the summer?
carries sand from deeper water onto the beaches.
What is a coast?
the boundary between land and a body of water like the ocean.
What is a longshore drift?
the flow of sand a long a coast.
What is it called when water comes to the beach at one direction?
upwash.
What is it called when water leaves the beach at a different angle?
backwash.
What is a jetty?
a barrier that is built to control or slow down ocean currents along a coast.
What is a breakwater?
a barrier which protects a harbor from waves.
What is a continental shelf?
the ocean bottom that extends from a coast or shoreline to the continental slope.
What are dredges?
the solution to remove breakwater or use pumps or to remove sand.
What is a submarine canyon?
Sand drifting down the steep face of a continental shelf cuts into the shelf just like streams cut into valleys.
What is a continental margin?
the region around continents that includes the continental shelf, continental slope, and the continental rise.
What is a barrier island?
a low, sandy island that lies parallel to the shoreline. blocks waves that come into shore and provides sheltered water between the island and the shore.
What is bank?
a low, flat region on the continental shelf.
What is the true ocean floor’s name?
The abyssal plain, flat and smooth, lies between 2,200 and 5,500 meters deep.
What is a seamount?
a steep-sided mountain that rises from the ocean floor.
What is a guyot?
a seamount that has eroded so that it has a flat top and is underwater.
What are deep ocean trenches?
the deepest parts of the ocean.
What are mid ocean ridges?
where two tectonic plates separate and new oceannrust is being made\ A new system of mountain ranges are being made that pass through worlds oceans.
