Chapter 13-1 Flashcards
What is cleavage plane?
It is a surface along which a mineral cleanily splits.
What is a rock?
a naturally-formed solid made of one or more minerals
What is a mineral?
What does “crystalline” mean?
a solid, naturally occurring, crystalline object with a defined chemical composition
Crystalline means arranged in a clear repeating pattern.
How many minerals are on Earth?
There are more than 4,000 minerals on Earth.
What is Mohs hardness scale? How does it work?
a scale to identify minerals based on their hardness or resistance to being scratched.
You rate how hard it is compared to 10 “index” minerals that range from talc (least hard) to diamonds (hardest). “Harder” minerals can scratch softer or equal minerals
What is Mohs hardness scale? How does it work?
a scale to identify minerals based on their hardness or resistance to being scratched.
You rate how hard it is compared to 10 “index” minerals that range from talc (least hard) to diamonds (hardest). “Harder” minerals can scratch softer or equal minerals
What is igneous rock? What affects the size of minerals in it?
a rock formed from the cooling and crystallizing of magma or lava. How fast the magma cools affects the size of minerals in the rock.
What is sedimentary rock?
a rock made of sediments that are cemented together by pressure and chemical changes. Pressure and chemical changes cement the tiny rock particles together to form a rock.
What is metamorphic rock?
a rock formed from another rock because of heat and pressure.
What is sediment?
small rock particles, minerals, and bits of once-living things.
What is crystallization?
the process by which crystals form and grow in size.
What is Basalt?
a dark-colored igneous rock with fine crystals. Formed from lava that is not silica-rich. This rock forms oceanic crust.
What is granite?
an igneous rock with large, visible crystals. Formed from silica-rich magma. This rock forms continental crust.
What is a extrusive rock?
an igneous rock that cools outside of Earth’s crust.
What is an intrusive rock?
an igneous rock that cools inside of Earth’s crust.
What is a compaction?
the process by which sediment is pressed together as more and more layers or beds of sediment form on top of each other.