Chapter 7 2/3

Question 1

discriminative stimulus

Answer 1

signal that a particular response will now produce certain consequences, “set the occasion” for operant reposnes

Question 2

operant extinction

Answer 2

weakening + eventual disapperance of a response bc its no longer reinforced

Question 3

primary reinforces

Answer 3

stimuli, food, water, organism naturally finds reinforcing bc they satisfy biological needs

Question 4

secondary (conditioned) reinforcers

Answer 4

money, performance feedback

Question 5

delay of gratification

Answer 5

ability to forego an immediate smaller reward for a delayed but more satisfying ooutcome

Question 6

shaping

Answer 6

reinforcing succesive approximations toward a final response

Question 7

chaining

Answer 7

used to develop a sequence (chain) of responses by reinforcing each response with the opportunity to perform the next response

Question 8

operant generalization

Answer 8

an operant response occurs to a new antecedent stimulus or situation that is similar to the original one

Question 9

operant discrimination

Answer 9

that an operant respoonse will occur to one antecent stimulus but not to another

Question 10

continuous reinforcement schedule

Answer 10

every response of a particular type is reinforced

Question 11

partial reinforcement

Answer 11

only some responses are reinforced

Question 12

ratio schedules

Answer 12

only a certain % of responses is reinforced

Question 13

fixed schedule

Answer 13

reinforcement always occurs after a specific fixed # of responses or time interval

Question 14

variable schedule

Answer 14

required # of responses of the time interval varies at random around an average

Question 15

escape conditioning

Answer 15

organisms learn a response to stop aversive stimulus

Question 16

avoidance conditioning

Answer 16

organism learns a response to completely avoid an aversive stimulus

Question 17

two-factor theory of avoidance learning

Answer 17

classical and operant conditioning are involved in avoidance learning

Question 18

token economies

Answer 18

desirable behaviours are quickly reinforced with tokens

Question 19

applied behaviour analysis

Answer 19

combines a behavioural approach with the scientific method to solve individual and societal problems

Question 20

preparedness

Answer 20

through evolution, animals are biologically “prewired” to easily learn behaviours related to their survival as a species