CHAPTER 7 Flashcards
The Inuit and Nunavut
When did Nunavut become Canada’s 3rd territory?
April 1, 1999
How large is Nunavut?
Nunavut is nearly 2 million square kilometers, representing roughly 20% of Canada’s land mass.
What percentage of Nunavut’s population is of Inuit descent?
83% of Nunavut’s population is of Inuit descent.
How many people live in Nunavut, and how are they spread across the territory?
Nunavut has roughly 37,000 citizens spread across 26 communities in three time zones, with community sizes ranging from 130 to 6,699 people.
When did Inuit first populate the Arctic and surrounding areas?
Inuit populated the western and eastern Arctic, northern Quebec, and Labrador by 1000 BCE.
When did the Inuit have their first extended contact with the Norse?
Around the year 1050.
When did the Inuit begin sustained interactions with Europeans?
In 1576.
What did the Inuit trade with European whalers?
Inuit traded caribou skins and meat, dogs, and fish for metal knives, rifles, tobacco, and cloth.
What negative effects resulted from the trade with European whalers?
Whalers supplementing their income led to resource overexploitation.
How did the integration of Europeans into Inuit society affect the Inuit?
The integration of Europeans brought alcohol, diseases, and increased dependence on Canadian goods.
What department was responsible for Inuit after 1926?
The Department of Indian Affairs took responsibility for Inuit in 1926, and by 1928, the Department of the Interior had control.
When were Inuit considered neither Indians nor full Canadian citizens?
From 1867–1928.
What did the 1939 Supreme Court ruling state about Inuit?
The Supreme Court of Canada acknowledged Inuit as Indians under the Indian Act and as the responsibility of the federal government.
What does consolidation refer to in the context of Inuit governance?
Consolidation was a policy aimed at reducing administrative costs and placing Inuit in smaller, centralized communities for various political and economic reasons.
What was the DEW Line, and how did it affect Inuit?
The DEW Line (Distant Early Warning Line) was a series of radar installations for defense. The Inuit were promised work, but were displaced and made up only a fraction of the workforce in the 1960s.
What was the result of Canada’s northern policy in the mid-1900s?
Inuit were settled into small communities, which led to increased reliance on Canadian goods and a shift away from their traditional economies.
What was the goal of the Indian and Eskimo Association (IEA) and the Inuit Tapirisat Corporation (ITC)?
The goal was to strengthen Inuit social, economic, and political influence.
What landmark case in 1973 stated that Aboriginal rights existed for Inuit?
The Calder case, which stated that Aboriginal rights were pre-existing and based on long-term use and occupancy of the land.
What did the 1973 federal land-claims policy do for Inuit?
It allowed the Inuit to commission a land-use and occupancy study, which provided data to press their claims.
What was the result of the 1992 Inuit referendum on land claims?
69% of voters supported the land-claims agreement, which was signed on May 25, 1993.
What were the key elements of the 1993 Nunavut land-claim settlement?
The settlement included 354,055 square kilometers of land, mineral rights, and a $1 billion financial settlement. It also led to the creation of Nunavut as a separate territory.
What food security issues are present in Nunavut?
70% of Inuit households are food insecure, with groceries costing an average family $19,760 per year.
What challenges has Nunavut faced in terms of housing?
Housing costs in Iqaluit are three times higher than in Ottawa, with a shortage of 3,300 houses costing around $1.9 billion to address current needs.
