Chapter 7 Flashcards
What happened to tv in 60s
More populism, satire and realistic drama itv started in 1955 and bbc2 in 1964, the percentage of the population that had a tv increased from 75% in 1961 to 91% in 1971
What happened to radio in the 60s
Although television grew in popularity radio remained important, teenagers listened to popular music broadcast firstly by pirate radio stations and then from radio Luxembourg and bbc radio1
What happened to print media in the 60s
Newspapers and magazines also survived by adapting. The sun was launched in 1964 and maintained a High readership by reflecting popular culture
What scientific development was there in the 60s
Human space travel(1961)
Moon landings (1969)
And Concorde
What impact did scientific developments have
The pill
Making more affordable products and introducing new fabrics in fashion
What happened to censorship in the 60s
Theatrical censorship was abolished in 1968 due to private members bill supported by Roy Jenkins
However film censorship remained but films such as : darling 1965 Alfie 1966 and here we go round the mulberry bush (1967) pushed the boundaries
Where did second wave feminism come from
America
How where women’s lives restricted in the 60s
Working mothers were still portrayed as unnatural
By 1970 28% of students were women. But this had not led to greater employment opportunities; by 1970 only 5% or women reached managerial posts
Girls education still tended to be dominated by domestic skills
Women were generally paid less than men
What feminist texts where published in the 60s
The feminine mystique p ( 1963) women the longest revolution (Mitchell 1966)
The female eunuch Greer (1970)
When was the first women’s conference and what was discussed
The women’s liberation Conference was held in 1970 it demanded equal pay free contraception abortion on request equal education and employment free 24 hour childcare
When was the national health service act
1967
Allowed authorities to provide contraception and contraceptive advice
What other legislation for women was past in 1967
The divorce act it made it easier for marriages to end
When and what was the matrimonial property act
1970 helped ensure that a woman’s role in the home was taken into account in divorce settlements
When and what was the equal pay act
1970 equal pay act established the principle of equal pay for equal work although it did not come into force for 5 years
How did leisure at home change during the 1960s
Traditional activities such as gardening and cooking remained popular and television programmes reflected these interests. Other hobbies such as knitting could be done at the same time as watching television.
How did leisure out of the home change in the 1960s
Television meant that attendance at live entertainments such as the theatre and football matches fell. But greater access to cars enabled people to travel more easily to activities Such as golf or shopping
How did leisure change in the holidays change during 1960s
Britannia airways was founded in 1964 to fly holidaymakers to destinations Such as Spain and Malta. Package holidays grew from under 4% of holiday in 1966 to 8.4% In 1971 though this was limited to the middle classes
What is the permissive society
Refers to liberal changes in society including attitudes and the impact of the liberalising legislation
What showed the permissive society to be more permissive ( legislation)
-the availability of contraception
- easier access to divorce
- decriminalisation of sexuality
What showed the permissive society to be permissive (sex and sexuality)
-number of illegitimate births rose from 5.8% to 8.2% between 1960 and 1970
-changing attitudes to sex exemplified by the phrase “free love”
-rates of sexually transmitted diseases were rising
What showed the permissive society to be permissive (media and drugs)
-decline in censorship and rise in more daring and controversial themes in books and films
- greater visibility of drugs in popular cultures such as the Beatles using cannabis and lsd
- the use of cocaine and heroin rose by ten times
- 1968 wootton report recommended the decriminalisation of soft drugs
What was the effects of the wootton report
The use of cannabis gained discussion in parliament showing goverment was ready to look at more controversial issues showing society as more perimissive
What showed the idea of a permissive society as limited
- Catholic Church opposed the use of the contraceptive pill
- the wootton report was rejected by Home Secretary James Callaghan
- sentence for supplying drugs was incresssd in 1970 to 14 years
- surgery’s found most young people were virgins before marriage or their married person was their first sexual partner and only
- surveys found that more young people used tobacco and alcohol more than illegal drugs
How was youth culture defined by fashion
Clashes were often created with the older generation over fashion, women wore trousers and miniskirts and men wore bright patterns as traditional rules were abandoned
How was youth culture seen in music
Pirate radio stations broadcast pop music; in 1967 bbc started radio 1 to respond to the demand. Likewise television also broadcast youth music shows such as ready steady go from 1963 and top of the pops from 1964
What youth subcultures were there by the end of the 60s
Skinheads evolved from mod culture; hippies rejected social conventions and promoted free love, environmentalism and peace.
What key events were there in the anti Vietnam movements
1965: teach ins held at Oxford uni and lse
1966: the Vietnam solidarity campaign set up
1968: violence broke out at an anti Vietnam riot held outside the American embassy in grosevenor square
1968: battle of grosvenor square 200 People arrested
What happened to imigration in the 60s
Immigration from the new commonwealth continued into the 60s
What happened in 1964 (Notting hill carnival)
The Notting Hill carnival became an annual event
What was the race relations act 1968
1968: banned discrimination in housing, employment and services. The race relations board was strengthened through problems remained.
What was the 1965 race relations act
Forbade discrimination in public places based on race. It also set up the race relations board to deal with complaints 734 out of the 982 cases were dismissed due to lack of evidence.
What was the 1962 commonwealth immigrants act
The act restricted the entry of commonwealth citizens into the United Kingdom. Only those with work permits were permitted entry
What was the 1948 British nationality act
The act gave commonwealth citizens free entry to Britain
What was the 1968 commonwealth immigration act
This act restricted uk citizenship to those born in the uk and their children or granchildren. Those without a family connection were no longer permitted
What was the 1968 commonwealth immigration act in response to
The mass migration of persecuted Kenyan Asians
What happened in April 1968
Enoch Powells rivers of blood speech resulted in him being sacked a poll found that 75 percent of the population agreed
What were the results of the 1965 survey in north London
- one in 5 didny want to work with black people or Asian
- 50% said they didn’t want to live next door to a Blavk person
- nine out of ten dissaproved of mixed marriages
