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A Level British History > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What situation was Britain in by the end of world war 2

A

Britain was badly damaged, burdened with massive debts and now in the shadow of two big military powers, USA and USSR

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2
Q

What happened as a result of Britain’s bankruptcy after world war 2

A

Britain had to withdraw from commitments in Greece turkey and Palestine.

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3
Q

What happened as a result of Britain’s bankruptcy after world war 2

A

Britain had to withdraw from commitments in Greece turkey and Palestine.

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4
Q

What happened in 1947 that marked Britain’s retreat from empire

A

Independence was granted to Pakistan and India

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5
Q

What was the schuman plan

A

The schuman plan in 1950 set out the proposals for a coal and steel community that would integrate French and German heavy industry in order to promote rapid economic reconstruction and also to bind together historic enemies and eliminate the threats of future wars this was the foundations of the eec

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6
Q

What was Britain and America’s reaction to the schuman plan

A

This scheme was strongly supported by Britain and the united states as an important contribution to the security of Europe.

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7
Q

Why did Britain not initially become involved in the eec

A
  • there were very few politicians or journalists in favour of taking up a leadership role in Europe
    -the left tended to be suspicious of the free market principles behind common market “the Durham miners won’t wear it I’m afraid”
    -the right wanted to preserve original trade links with Australia Canada and New Zealand
    -there was an assumption that Britain was still a great world power
  • Britain wanted to balance its involvement in Europe with maintaining the special relationship
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8
Q

What did Charles de Gaulle think about Britain and ecc

A

From 1958 Charles de Gaulle opposed Britain’s involvement as they believed they bought influence of the us

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9
Q

What treaty launched the eec

A

The treaty of Rome in 1957

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10
Q

What organisation did Britain establish in 1959

A

European free trade association
(EFTA)

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11
Q

When did Britain apply to join the eec

A

1961

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12
Q

Why did Britain apply to join the eec

A

Fundamental reason was economic it hoped it would:
Boost industrial production
Increase industrial efficiency
Stimulate economic growth

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13
Q

What made the negotiations to join the eec very difficult

A

Britain wanted to keep its position in the commonwealth and the us

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14
Q

What policy in the eec did Britain find difficult to conform to

A

Common agricultural policy

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15
Q

Who led the negotiations to join eec

A

Edward heath

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16
Q

Why was Britains application declined

A

In 1963 Charles de Gaulle vetoed Britain’s application.

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17
Q

What was Britain’s role in nato

A

They were a founding member of 1949

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18
Q

What happened to Britain and americas relationship after the war

A

Remained close allies in the Cold War
Britain supported United Nations in Korea
It also worked with United States to sustain West Berlin.

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19
Q

What was the Cuban missile crisis

A

Cuba which was communist requested ussr to station missiles Cuba being only 90 miles this worried us America responded by setting up a blockade. It is scene as close as it got to nuclear war.

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20
Q

What was Britain’s role in the Cuban missile crisis

A

British chancellor Peter thorneycroft described Britain as a bystander but kenedy kept macmillan informed

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21
Q

What events put the special relationship under strain ?

A

The burges and Maclean affair, the eec and the suez crisis

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22
Q

What was the burgess and Maclean affair

A

Guy burgess and Donald Maclean were highly placed officers in British intelligence they defected to the Soviet Union in 1951. The revelation of British spies leaking vital secrets to Moscow worried America and they were now more hesitant to share info with Britain

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23
Q

How did America effect Britain as a nuclear power

A

The United States had stopped sharing its nuclear secrets so if Britain wanted to become a nuclear power it would have to do so itself

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24
Q

How determined were Britain to be a nuclear power

A

Ernest Bevin famously said “ I don’t want any other foreign secretary of this country to be talked to or at by by a Secretary of State in the United states we’ve got to have this bloody thing over here no matter what it costs and we’ve got to have the bloody Union Jack on top of it

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25
Q

How determined were Britain to be a nuclear power

A

Ernest Bevin famously said “ I don’t want any other foreign secretary of this country to be talked to or at by by a Secretary of State in the United states we’ve got to have this bloody thing over here no matter what it costs and we’ve got to have the bloody Union Jack on top of it

26
Q

When where Britain’s first tests of the nuclear bomb

A

1952 made Britain the third country

27
Q

When was britains h bomb tested

A

1957

28
Q

When was cnd set up

A

1958

29
Q

What was the first protest for cnd

A

Around 8000 people took part in a demonstration at the weapons research base at aldermaston in Berkshire in 1958 a second in 1959

30
Q

What was the mutual defence agreement

A

In 1958 the United states one again agreed to agree nuclear technology with Britain.

31
Q

When was the Korean War

A

1950-53

32
Q

What happened to Korea after the war

A

In the north it was occupied by the Soviet Union
In the south it was occupied by the United States

33
Q

What happened in 1950 in Korea

A

Russia and china invaded the south

34
Q

How did Britain respond to the Korean invasion

A

They sent 90,000 troops to Korea to resist the communist movement

35
Q

How many British troops died in Korea

A

1000

36
Q

What did the Korean War demonstrate

A

Demonstrated the Cold War was being fought across the whole world it also demonstrated Britains willingness to continue to play a major role in world affairs. However it was clear that Britain was the greater power

37
Q

What percentage of Western Europe’s oil passed through the Suez Canal

A

80%

38
Q

Who was the leader of Egypt

A

Colonel nasser

39
Q

When did Britain pull out of investing in the Aswan dam

A

1956

40
Q

Why did coloner nasser nationalise the Suez Canal

A

After funding was cut from the Aswan dam the nationalisation allowed Egypt to fund it again

41
Q

What was the impact of suez

A

Britains position in the world as a power for good had to be reassessed
Highlighted the inability of Britain to act without the support of America
Undermined Britain as one of the worlds major powers
Also caused a run on the pound

42
Q

What was the belief about decolonisation in early 1950s

A

Britains believed they could manage a gradual transition from empire to new common wealth and the colonial resistant movements could be controlled until they were ready for independence

43
Q

When did the mau mau rebellion break out

A

1952

44
Q

Which Kenyan led the rebellion against the British

A

Jomo Kenyatta

45
Q

What effect did the mau mau rebellion have on Britain

A

Damaged their reputation after the mis treatment of Kenyans in at the hola prison camp also showed problems with British colonial policies

46
Q

What was the first colonie to gain independence

A

Ghana

47
Q

When did Nigeria and Cyprus gain independence

A

1960

48
Q

When did tanganyiaka and Sierra Leone gain independence

A

1961

49
Q

When did Uganda gain independence

A

1962

50
Q

What changed after wind of change speech

A

Asking country’s to expect majority rule
And encouraged decolonisation

51
Q

Who were the original six countries in the European coal and steel community

A

France, west Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Belgium

52
Q

Who proposed a Western European Union and what was it for

A

Anthony Eden (during Churchill)
It was a defensive alliance without supranational implications it allowed west Germany to re arm

53
Q

What did Eden say about postbags showing why Britain should not join eec

A

90% of letter where from beyond Europe

54
Q

What conference was called in spring of 1955 by Benelux countries

A

Messina conference

55
Q

What were the results of the messina conference

A

The Spaak committee emerged which undertook detailed discussion on the twin issues of a common market and collaboration over nuclear energy

56
Q

What did Britain do in 1955 concerning common market

A

Britain withdrew its representation from discussion in November 1955
Britain proposed a free trade area which unlike the emerging common market would have no common external tariff against the rest of the world

57
Q

What did Britain do in 1955 concerning common market

A

Britain withdrew its representation from discussion in November 1955
Britain proposed a free trade area which unlike the emerging common market would have no common external tariff against the rest of the world

58
Q

What military alliance did the Russians set up in response to NATO

A

Warsaw pact

59
Q

Who was soviet leader during the Cuban missile crisis

A

Chrushchev

60
Q

In 1960 Britain abandoned its independent rocket project what was this called

A

Blue streak

61
Q

What American submarine weapon system replaced blue streak

A

Polaris

A Level British History (3 decks)

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