Chapter 4

Question 1

What situation was Britain in by the end of world war 2

Answer 1

Britain was badly damaged, burdened with massive debts and now in the shadow of two big military powers, USA and USSR

Question 2

What happened as a result of Britain’s bankruptcy after world war 2

Answer 2

Britain had to withdraw from commitments in Greece turkey and Palestine.

Question 3

What happened as a result of Britain’s bankruptcy after world war 2

Answer 3

Britain had to withdraw from commitments in Greece turkey and Palestine.

Question 4

What happened in 1947 that marked Britain’s retreat from empire

Answer 4

Independence was granted to Pakistan and India

Question 5

What was the schuman plan

Answer 5

The schuman plan in 1950 set out the proposals for a coal and steel community that would integrate French and German heavy industry in order to promote rapid economic reconstruction and also to bind together historic enemies and eliminate the threats of future wars this was the foundations of the eec

Question 6

What was Britain and America’s reaction to the schuman plan

Answer 6

This scheme was strongly supported by Britain and the united states as an important contribution to the security of Europe.

Question 7

Why did Britain not initially become involved in the eec

Answer 7

• there were very few politicians or journalists in favour of taking up a leadership role in Europe
  -the left tended to be suspicious of the free market principles behind common market “the Durham miners won’t wear it I’m afraid”
  -the right wanted to preserve original trade links with Australia Canada and New Zealand
  -there was an assumption that Britain was still a great world power
• Britain wanted to balance its involvement in Europe with maintaining the special relationship

Question 8

What did Charles de Gaulle think about Britain and ecc

Answer 8

From 1958 Charles de Gaulle opposed Britain’s involvement as they believed they bought influence of the us

Question 9

What treaty launched the eec

Answer 9

The treaty of Rome in 1957

Question 10

What organisation did Britain establish in 1959

Answer 10

European free trade association
(EFTA)

Question 11

When did Britain apply to join the eec

Answer 11

1961

Question 12

Why did Britain apply to join the eec

Answer 12

Fundamental reason was economic it hoped it would:
Boost industrial production
Increase industrial efficiency
Stimulate economic growth

Question 13

What made the negotiations to join the eec very difficult

Answer 13

Britain wanted to keep its position in the commonwealth and the us

Question 14

What policy in the eec did Britain find difficult to conform to

Answer 14

Common agricultural policy

Question 15

Who led the negotiations to join eec

Answer 15

Edward heath

Question 16

Why was Britains application declined

Answer 16

In 1963 Charles de Gaulle vetoed Britain’s application.

Question 17

What was Britain’s role in nato

Answer 17

They were a founding member of 1949

Question 18

What happened to Britain and americas relationship after the war

Answer 18

Remained close allies in the Cold War
Britain supported United Nations in Korea
It also worked with United States to sustain West Berlin.

Question 19

What was the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 19

Cuba which was communist requested ussr to station missiles Cuba being only 90 miles this worried us America responded by setting up a blockade. It is scene as close as it got to nuclear war.

Question 20

What was Britain’s role in the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 20

British chancellor Peter thorneycroft described Britain as a bystander but kenedy kept macmillan informed

Question 21

What events put the special relationship under strain ?

Answer 21

The burges and Maclean affair, the eec and the suez crisis

Question 22

What was the burgess and Maclean affair

Answer 22

Guy burgess and Donald Maclean were highly placed officers in British intelligence they defected to the Soviet Union in 1951. The revelation of British spies leaking vital secrets to Moscow worried America and they were now more hesitant to share info with Britain

Question 23

How did America effect Britain as a nuclear power

Answer 23

The United States had stopped sharing its nuclear secrets so if Britain wanted to become a nuclear power it would have to do so itself

Question 24

How determined were Britain to be a nuclear power

Answer 24

Ernest Bevin famously said “ I don’t want any other foreign secretary of this country to be talked to or at by by a Secretary of State in the United states we’ve got to have this bloody thing over here no matter what it costs and we’ve got to have the bloody Union Jack on top of it

Question 25

How determined were Britain to be a nuclear power

Answer 25

Ernest Bevin famously said “ I don’t want any other foreign secretary of this country to be talked to or at by by a Secretary of State in the United states we’ve got to have this bloody thing over here no matter what it costs and we’ve got to have the bloody Union Jack on top of it

Question 26

When where Britain’s first tests of the nuclear bomb

Answer 26

1952 made Britain the third country

Question 27

When was britains h bomb tested

Answer 27

1957

Question 28

When was cnd set up

Answer 28

1958

Question 29

What was the first protest for cnd

Answer 29

Around 8000 people took part in a demonstration at the weapons research base at aldermaston in Berkshire in 1958 a second in 1959

Question 30

What was the mutual defence agreement

Answer 30

In 1958 the United states one again agreed to agree nuclear technology with Britain.

Question 31

When was the Korean War

Answer 31

1950-53

Question 32

What happened to Korea after the war

Answer 32

In the north it was occupied by the Soviet Union In the south it was occupied by the United States

Question 33

What happened in 1950 in Korea

Answer 33

Russia and china invaded the south

Question 34

How did Britain respond to the Korean invasion

Answer 34

They sent 90,000 troops to Korea to resist the communist movement

Question 35

How many British troops died in Korea

Answer 35

1000

Question 36

What did the Korean War demonstrate

Answer 36

Demonstrated the Cold War was being fought across the whole world it also demonstrated Britains willingness to continue to play a major role in world affairs. However it was clear that Britain was the greater power

Question 37

What percentage of Western Europe’s oil passed through the Suez Canal

Answer 37

80%

Question 38

Who was the leader of Egypt

Answer 38

Colonel nasser

Question 39

When did Britain pull out of investing in the Aswan dam

Answer 39

1956

Question 40

Why did coloner nasser nationalise the Suez Canal

Answer 40

After funding was cut from the Aswan dam the nationalisation allowed Egypt to fund it again

Question 41

What was the impact of suez

Answer 41

Britains position in the world as a power for good had to be reassessed Highlighted the inability of Britain to act without the support of America Undermined Britain as one of the worlds major powers Also caused a run on the pound

Question 42

What was the belief about decolonisation in early 1950s

Answer 42

Britains believed they could manage a gradual transition from empire to new common wealth and the colonial resistant movements could be controlled until they were ready for independence

Question 43

When did the mau mau rebellion break out

Answer 43

1952

Question 44

Which Kenyan led the rebellion against the British

Answer 44

Jomo Kenyatta

Question 45

What effect did the mau mau rebellion have on Britain

Answer 45

Damaged their reputation after the mis treatment of Kenyans in at the hola prison camp also showed problems with British colonial policies

Question 46

What was the first colonie to gain independence

Answer 46

Ghana

Question 47

When did Nigeria and Cyprus gain independence

Answer 47

1960

Question 48

When did tanganyiaka and Sierra Leone gain independence

Answer 48

1961

Question 49

When did Uganda gain independence

Answer 49

1962

Question 50

What changed after wind of change speech

Answer 50

Asking country’s to expect majority rule And encouraged decolonisation

Question 51

Who were the original six countries in the European coal and steel community

Answer 51

France, west Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Belgium

Question 52

Who proposed a Western European Union and what was it for

Answer 52

Anthony Eden (during Churchill) It was a defensive alliance without supranational implications it allowed west Germany to re arm

Question 53

What did Eden say about postbags showing why Britain should not join eec

Answer 53

90% of letter where from beyond Europe

Question 54

What conference was called in spring of 1955 by Benelux countries

Answer 54

Messina conference

Question 55

What were the results of the messina conference

Answer 55

The Spaak committee emerged which undertook detailed discussion on the twin issues of a common market and collaboration over nuclear energy

Question 56

What did Britain do in 1955 concerning common market

Answer 56

Britain withdrew its representation from discussion in November 1955 Britain proposed a free trade area which unlike the emerging common market would have no common external tariff against the rest of the world

Question 57

What did Britain do in 1955 concerning common market

Answer 57

Britain withdrew its representation from discussion in November 1955 Britain proposed a free trade area which unlike the emerging common market would have no common external tariff against the rest of the world

Question 58

What military alliance did the Russians set up in response to NATO

Answer 58

Warsaw pact

Question 59

Who was soviet leader during the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 59

Chrushchev

Question 60

In 1960 Britain abandoned its independent rocket project what was this called

Answer 60

Blue streak

Question 61

What American submarine weapon system replaced blue streak

Answer 61

Polaris