chapter 7

Question 1

What is the definition of learning

Answer 1

Relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience

Question 2

what is conditioning

Answer 2

Process of learning associations

Question 3

What is the name of the Russian physiologist who discovered classical conditioning

Answer 3

pavlov

Question 4

What is classical conditioning

Answer 4

Type of learning in which an animal learns an association between stimuli

Question 5

What is the formula for classical conditioning

Answer 5

US=UR
CS+US=UR
CS=CR

Question 6

What is extinction

Answer 6

seizing of response due to the weakening of an association

Question 7

look over cc examples in notes

Answer 7

.

Question 8

We are biologically prepared to learn something very quickly after one association. What are those 2 things?

Answer 8

Conditioned taste aversion and fear

Question 9

_____ Conducted a very famous study on the acquisition of fear called the little ________ study

Answer 9

watson
albert

Question 10

what was the US in Watson’s study with little albert? CS? CR?

Answer 10

us- gong
cs- rat
cr- fear

Question 11

In this study on fear conditioning the discussed in class, the babies fear generalized what does this mean?

Answer 11

When the CR occurs to stimuli similar to the original CS

Question 12

What is operant conditioning

Answer 12

Type of learning in which a behavior is associated with its consequence

Question 13

In what 2 ways is operant conditioning different from classical conditioning

Answer 13

Association is between behavior and consequence, not stimuli, response is a choice

Question 14

There are two types of consequences in operant conditioning. ___ increase behaviors and ___ decrease behaviors

Answer 14

reinforcers
punishers

Question 15

What is the formula for operant conditioning

Answer 15

stimulus-> response-> consequence

Question 16

_____ Used puzzle boxes to study how cats learned

Answer 16

thorndike

Question 17

What does the law of effect state

Answer 17

The consequence of a behavior determines whether or not it happens again

Question 18

Who designed the operant chamber

Answer 18

skinner

Question 19

What is an operant chamber

Answer 19

Soundproof box used to study conditioning

Question 20

What is shaping

Answer 20

Reinforcing a complex behavior in steps

Question 21

How can shaping make tantrums worse

Answer 21

Parents stop reinforcing the original tantrum, kid cries harder, parent gives in

Question 22

What are positive reinforcers and example

Answer 22

Giving something in order to increase behavior
ex) $, attention

Question 23

What are negative reinforcers and example

Answer 23

Taking something away in order to increase behavior
ex) no chores

Question 24

What are primary reinforcers and example

Answer 24

Things we naturally like
ex) food

Question 25

what are secondary reinforcers and example

Answer 25

Things we learned to like through association with primary reinforcers ex)$

Question 26

What is observational learning

Answer 26

Learning by observing and imitating others

Question 27

What are mirror neurons

Answer 27

Frontal lobe neurons that fire when watering another person's actions as if we are doing them

Question 28

How do mirror neurons allow us to be empathetic

Answer 28

we mere facial expressions and feel others feelings

Question 29

____ used a ____ doll To study how children learned aggressive behavior through observational learning

Answer 29

bandura bobo clown