chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is assimilation as a policy?

A

Assimilation is a policy where immigrants are expected to adopt the beliefs and practices of the majority group in the host country, making their identity indistinguishable from the majority group.

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2
Q

How is secularism related to assimilation in France?

A

In France, secularism is present in all areas of the state, and immigrants are expected to follow this belief, ensuring no one religion is favored over another.

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3
Q

How does France promote assimilation in education?

A

French education is secular, focusing on strengthening national identity, with no discussion of religion except in History and Philosophy classes. Adaptation classes help children of immigrants improve their French to integrate into regular schools.

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4
Q

How does employment support assimilation in France?

A

Employment commits immigrants to stay in the country, helping them acquire social capital and French language skills. The Diversity Charter promotes greater workplace diversity, supporting assimilation.

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5
Q

How do naturalization processes in France promote assimilation?

A

french immigrants must undergo French language courses and civic education about French life, showing knowledge of French heritage and culture before being granted permanent residency or nationality.

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6
Q

What are the benefits of assimilation?

A

Assimilation ensures a homogenous population, leading to greater social cohesion and strengthening French national identity.

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7
Q

What are the disadvantages of assimilation in France?

A

Tensions may arise, particularly when balancing national identity with individual rights, such as in the case of the 2011 face veil ban, which led to demonstrations.

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8
Q

What is an example of tension caused by assimilation policies in France?

A

The 2011 French face veil ban sparked demonstrations, particularly in Paris, as it was seen as an infringement on religious rights.

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9
Q

What is integration as a policy?

A

Integration is an approach where immigrants retain their unique identities while forging common ground with the groups already living in the host country.

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10
Q

How does Singapore promote integration through naturalization initiatives?

A

Singapore’s Citizenship e-Journey is an online platform that allows new citizens to learn about Singapore’s history and society, helping them understand how to fit in.

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11
Q

How does National Service support integration in Singapore?

A

Second-generation PRs in Singapore must serve two years in National Service, mixing with people from diverse backgrounds and fostering a sense of collective interest.

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12
Q

What are the benefits of integration in Singapore?

A

integration promotes cross-culturalism, allowing immigrants to complement Singapore’s national identity, reducing tensions, and stimulating a vibrant, knowledge-based economy.

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of integration in Singapore?

A

Integration may not fully succeed with all groups, leading to cultural clashes, such as the 2011 Curry Incident where a Chinese immigrant family complained about their Indian neighbors’ cooking.

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14
Q

What was the 2011 Curry Incident in Singapore

A

A Chinese immigrant family’s complaint about their Indian neighbors’ cooking of curry sparked a mass online debate, highlighting potential cultural clashes.

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15
Q

What characterizes the market-based approach to healthcare in the United States?

A

Healthcare is largely privatized, with citizens responsible for purchasing their own insurance or securing jobs with good insurance plans. The government adopts a laissez-faire attitude towards healthcare providers.

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16
Q

What is the affordability of healthcare under the market-based approach in the U.S.?

A

Only 10% of Americans can afford private medical coverage beyond what their employers provide. Low-income Americans may qualify for government aid through Medicaid, Medicare, or the Affordable Care Act.

17
Q

What are the benefits of a market-based approach to healthcare in the U.S.?

A

It reduces the strain on the government by delegating roles to private companies, allowing the government to focus funds on other areas like education and infrastructure.

18
Q

What are the challenges of the market-based approach in the U.S.?

A

The high cost of medical insurance may lead low-income Americans to forgo insurance, resulting in poorer health. Insurance companies may charge higher premiums or refuse to insure those with greater medical needs.

19
Q

What characterizes the shared responsibility approach to healthcare in Singapore?

A

The government intervenes by providing basic healthcare services and sharing the cost with citizens. Additional taxes are levied on higher-income individuals to subsidize healthcare for lower-income groups.

20
Q

How does the ward system in Singaporean hospitals reflect shared responsibility?

A

Different ward types offer varying levels of luxury, with higher-class wards receiving less government aid, allowing citizens to choose according to their financial situation.

21
Q

What are the benefits of shared responsibility in healthcare in Singapore?

A

It provides a balance between private and public sectors, ensuring competitiveness and access to healthcare for all citizens, regardless of their financial situation.

22
Q

What are the challenges of shared responsibility in healthcare in Singapore?

A

Private hospitals may focus on serving higher-income individuals, limiting access to quality healthcare for the poor, who may rely more on government-run hospitals

23
Q

How is healthcare financed in Sweden?

A

The government provides substantial subsidies and services, offering universal healthcare funded by higher tax rates.

24
Q

What is an example of Sweden’s government-financed healthcare?

A

Sweden has a medical ceiling for out-of-pocket payments capped at 122 Euros, with the government covering any additional costs for the remainder of a 12-month period.

25
Q

What are the benefits of government-financed healthcare in Sweden?

A

Healthcare is highly affordable, leading to improved overall population health and increased productivity due to fewer man-hours lost to illness.

26
Q

What are the challenges of government-financed healthcare in Sweden?

A

Free healthcare can lead to system bloating, longer waiting times, and may divert funds from other areas like education or infrastructure.