Chapter 7 Flashcards
Asthma
Chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes often triggered by an allergic reaction
Airway inflammation
Swelling and clogging of the bronchial tubes with mucus.
Bronchospasm
Contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles.
Upper respiratory Infections
Along with acute nasopharyngitis are among the terms used to describe the common cold
Allergic rhinitis
Allergic reaction to airborne allergens that causes an increased flow of mucus.
Croup
Acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough and stridor.
Diphtheria
Acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract
Epistaxis
Bleeding from the nose that may be caused by dry air, injury, medication, to prevent blood clotting or high blood pressure
Influenza
Aka the flu, an acute, highly contagious viral infection characterized by respiratory inflammation, fever, chills, and muscle pain.
Pertussis
Contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspriation.
Rhinorrhea
Watery flow of mucus from the nose
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinuses
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the pharynx
Laryngospasm
Sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx
Expectoration
Root: expector - to cough up
Suffix: ation - state or action
Definition: the act of coughing up and spitting out saliva, mucus, or other bodily fluid
Hemoptysis
CF: hem/o - blood
Suffix: ptysis - spitting
Definition: expectoration of blood or blood stained sputum derived from lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage
Airway obstruction
Definition: choking, occurs when food or a foreign object blocks the airway, preventing air from entering or leaving the lungs
Anoxia
Prefix: an- without
Root: ox - oxgen
Suffix: ia - abnormal condition
Definition:
pneumoconiosis
combining form: pneum/o- lung
root word: coni- dust
suffix: -osis- abnormal
condition/disease
definition: any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact
asbestosis
root word: abest - abestos
suffix: -osis- means abnormal condition or disease
definition: caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos
silicosis
root word: silic- glass
suffix: -osis- abnormal condition/disease
definition: caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs and usually occurs after working in occupations including foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, and sand blasting.
cystic fibrosis
definition: threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.
lung cancer
definition: the leading cause of death in the united states, a condition in which cancer cells form in the tissues of the lung.
eupnea
prefix: eu- good
suffix: pnea- breathing
definition: easy/normal breathing
apnea
prefix: a- without
suffix: pnea- breathing
definition: the temporary absence of spontaneous respiration
bradypnea
prefix: brady- slow
suffix: pnea- breathing
definition: abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
definition: irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea
tachypnea
prefix: tachy- rapid
suffix: pnea- breathing
definition: abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually of more than 20 breaths per minute
dyspnea
prefix: dys- painful
suffix: pnea- breathing
definition: difficult/labored breathing
hyperpnea
prefix: hyper- excessive
suffix: pnea- breathing
definition: breathing that is deeper and more rapid than it is at rest
hypopnea
prefix: hypo- decreased
suffix: pnea- breathing
definition: shallow or slow respiration
hyperventilation
prefix: hyper- excessive
suffix: ventilation- breathing
definition: abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration that is usually associated with anxiety
sleep apnea
definition: a serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for periods long enough to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels
Respiratory System
supplies the blood with oxygen for transportation to the cells in all parts of the body. It also removes carbon dioxide and some water waste from the body
Upper Respiratory Tract
consists of the nose (nostrils), mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea
Lower Respiratory Tract
consists of the bronchial tree and lungs. These structures are located within and protected by the thoracic cavity, or thorax, also known as the ribcage
Nasal Septum
a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal sections. A septum is a wall that separates two chambers
Cilia
the thin hairs located just inside the nostrils that filter incoming air to remove debris
Mucous Membranes
These line the nose. These specialized tissues also line the digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems as well as other parts of the respiratory system
Mucus
a slippery secretion produced by the mucous membranes that protects and lubricates these tissues. In the nose, it helps moisten, warm, and filter the air as it enters. Mucous is the tissue, mucus is the secretion that flows from it.
Olfactory Receptors
the nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell. They are also located in the mucous membrane in the upper part of the nasal cavity.
Tonsils
part of the lymphatic system, help protect the body from infection coming through the mouth/nose. Also called the palatine tonsils, they are located at the back of the mouth
Adenoids
part of the lymphatic system, help protect the body from infection coming through the mouth/nose. Also called the nasopharyngeal tonsils, they higher up, behind the nose and the roof of the mouth
Frontal Sinuses
located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows. An infection here can cause severe pain in this area
Sphenoid Sinuses
located in the sphenoid bone behind the eye and under the pituitary gland, are close to the optic nerves, and an infection here can damage vision
Maxillary Sinuses
the largest of the paranasal sinuses, are located in the maxillary bones under the eyes. An infect in these sinuses can cause pain in the posterior maxillary teeth
Ethmoid Sinuses
located in the ethmoid bones between the nose and the eyes, are irregularly shaped air cells that are separated from the orbital (eye) cavity by only a thin layer of bone
Tracheostomy
Def: is the surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing
Root: trache (trachea)
Suffix: -ostomy (surgically creating an opening)
Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)
Is the use of a thoracoscope to view the inside of the pleural cavity through very small incisions
Tracheotomy
Is a procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage
Root: trache (trachea)
Suffix: -otomy (surgical incision)
Pneumonectomy
Is the surgical removal of all or part of a lung
Root: pneumon (lung)
Suffix: -ectomy (surgical removal)
Lobectomy
The surgical removal of a lobe of an organ, usually the lung, brain, or liver
Root: lob (lobe)
Suffix: -ectomy (surgical removal)
Wedge resection
A surgery in which a small wedge shaped piece of cancerous lung tissue is removed, along with a margin of healthy tissue around the cancer
Thoracentesis
Surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity
Root: thor/a (thorax or chest)
Suffix: -centesis (surgical puncture to remove fluid)
Thoracotomy
Surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment
Root: thorac (chest)
Suffix: -otomy (surgical incision)
CPAP machine
A noninvasive ventilation device used in the treatment of sleep apnea. A face mask is connected to a pump that creates constant air pressure in the nasal passages, holding the airway open.
BiPAP machine
Is like a CPAP machine bit it can be set at a higher pressure for inhaling and a lower pressure for exhaling. Used for sleep apnea in patients with neuromuscular diseases.
Ambu bag or Bag valve mask (BVM)
An emergency resuscitator used to assist ventilation.
Ventilator
A mechanical device for artificial respiration that is used to replace or supplement the patients natural breathing function. It forces air into the lungs; exhalation takes place passively as the lungs contract.
Supplemental oxygen
Is administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation level in the blood from breathing normal air.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)
Involves breathing pure oxygen in a special chamber that allows air pressure to be raised up to three times higher than normal.
