Chapter 11 Flashcards by olivia spinelli

Ptosis

Definition: drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis

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Chalazion

Definition: nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland. Type of granuloma

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Hordeolum

Definition: aka stye, a pus-filled and often painful lesion on the eyelid, resulting from an acute infection of the sebaceous gland

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Blepharitis

Root: blephar - eyelid
Suffix: itis - inflammation

Definition: swelling of the eyelid, often at the location of the eyelash hair follicles

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Ectropion

Prefix: ec - out
Root: trop - turn
Suffix: ion - condition

Definition: eversion (turning outward) of the edge of an eyelid, usually the lower lid

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Entropion

Prefix: en - in
Root: trop - turn
Suffix: ion - condition

Definition: eversion (turning inward) of the edge of an eyelid, usually the lower lid

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Periorbital edema

Prefix: peri - surrounding
Root: orbit - eyeball
Suffix: al - pertaining to

Definition: swelling of the tissues around the eye or eyes
Give face bloated appearance, partially cover eyes
Ex in allergic reactions

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Conjunctivitis

Root: conjuntiv-conjunctiva
Suffix: itis - inflammation

Definition: aka pinkeye, inflammation of the conjunctiva, usually caused by an infection or allergy

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Dacryoadenitis

CF: dacry/o - tear
Root: aden- gland
Suffix: itis - inflammation

Definition: inflammation of the lacrimal gland a used by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection
Cause sudden severe pain, redness, and pressure int he orbit of the eye

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Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Definition: bleed between the conjunctiva and sclera, creating red area over the white of the eyes

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Xerophthalmia

Root: xer - dry
Root: Ophthalm - eye
Suffix - ia - abnormal condition

Definition: aka dry eyes, drying of the eye surface, including the conjunctiva, because the tear glands do not produce enough tears

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Uveitis

Root: uve - uvea
Suffix: itis - inflammation

Definition: inflammation of the uvea causing swelling and irritation
Can potentially lead to permanent vision loss

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Iritis

Root: ir - iris
Suffix: itis - inflammation

Definition: most common form of uveitis, affecting primarily structures in the front of the eye

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Corneal abrasion

Root: corne - cornea
Suffix: al - pertaining to

Definition: an injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of the cornea

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Corneal ulcer

Definition: pitting of the cornea caused by an infection or injury
Can heal with treatment, but leave a cloudy scar

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Diabetic retinopathy

Definition: damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrollable diabetes

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Keratitis

Root: kerat - cornea
Suffix: itis - inflammation

Definition: inflammation of the cornea due to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections

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Keratoconus

Definition: when the cornea becomes irregular or cone-shaped, causing blurring and distortion of vision

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Scleritis

Root: scler- white of the eye
Suffix: itis - inflammation

Definition: inflammation of the sclera
Usually because of infection, chemical injuries, or autoimmune diseases

Adnexa of the eyes

Structures outside the eyeball

Adnexa

Accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ

Orbit

Aka eye socket, is the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, blood vessels, and nerves.

Eye muscles

Arranged in 3 pairs and attached to each eye

Binocular vision

Occurs when the muscles of both eyes work together in coordination to make normal depth perception possible

Upper/lower eyelids & Eye brows/lashes

Help protect the eyeball from foreign matter, excessive light, and injuries due to other causes

Canthus

Angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet

Cilia

Small hairs which make up the eyebrows and eyelashes

Tarsus

Aka tarsal plate, the framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides the necessary stiffness and shape.

Conjunctiva

Transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eye lid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball

Lacrimal Apparatus

Aka tear apparatus, consists of the structures that produce, store, and remove tears.

Lacrimal Glands

Secrete lacrimal fluid (tears)

Lacrimal fluid

Aka tears maintain moisture on the anterior surface of the eyeball

Lacrimal Canal

Consists of a duct at the inner corner of each eye

Lacrimal sac

Aka tear sac is an enlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct

Lacrimal duct

Aka nasolacrimal duct is the passageway that drains excess tears into the nose

Eyeball

Aka globe is a 1inch sphere with only about 1/6 of its surface visible

Optic

Pertaining to he eye or sight

Ocular

Pertaining to the eye or sight

Extraocular

Outside the eyeball

Intraocular

Within the eyeball

Sclera

Aka white of the eye maintains the shape of the eye and protects the delicate inner layers of tissue

Choroid

Aka choroid coat is the opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides the blood supply for the entire eye

Retina

Sensitive innermost layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye

Aqueous Humor

Aka aqueous fluid fill both of the chambers

Intraocular pressure

A measurement of the fluid pressure inside the eye