Chapter 7

Question 1

True/false children have more bones than adults.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What composes the axial skeleton?

Answer 2

Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

Question 3

What is the only moveable bone in the skull?

Answer 3

Mandible

Question 4

Which nasal conchae is an independent bone and is also the largest of the three?

Answer 4

Inferior nasal conchae

Question 5

What are the three spaces that compose the floor of the brain case/base of skull?

Answer 5

Anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa

Question 6

What does the petrous ridge in the floor of the cranial cavity house?

Answer 6

Middle and inner ears

Question 7

What passes through the foramen magnum?

Answer 7

Spinal cord

Question 8

Which bone is known as the keystone bone?

Answer 8

Sphenoid bone

Question 9

List the four sutures of the skull and where they are found.

Answer 9

Coronal suture – side to side across skull within coronal plane
Sagittal suture – posterior to coronal suture that runs midline along sagittal plane
Lambdoid suture – down and laterally joining occipital bone to right and left parietal and temporal bones
Squamous suture – lateral suture that joins the parietal with temporal bones

Question 10

What is the weakest part of the skull and which bones intersect here?

Answer 10

Pterion - frontal, parietal, squamous section of temporal bone, and greater wing of sphenoid bone

Question 11

List the different paranasal sinuses and their locations (include the ethmoid air cells).

Answer 11

Frontal sinus – above eyebrows within frontal bone (most anterior)
Maxillary sinus – largest, paired right and left just below orbits – most common site for sinus infections d/t difficulty draining
Sphenoid sinus – single midline sinus – body of sphenoid – anterior and inferior to sella turcica (most posterior)
Ethmoid air cells – small spaces separated by very thin bony walls between nasal cavity and medial orbit

Question 12

What are the five regions of the vertebral column and how many vertebrae are present?

Answer 12

Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (fused 5), coccyx (fused 4)

Question 13

What are the basic structural units of the vertebrae?

Answer 13

Body, vertebral arch, 7 processes

Question 14

What are the 7 processes?

Answer 14

Paired transverse processes, spinous process, paired superior articular processes, paired inferior articular processes

Question 15

What shape is the spinous process of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 15

Bifid

Question 16

What is the name of C1 and C2?

Answer 16

C1 –atlas
C2 – axis

Question 17

What structure on C2 allows the rotation of the head?

Answer 17

Dens (odontoid process)

Question 18

What is another name for the tailbone?

Answer 18

Coccyx

Question 19

What are the two components of the intervertebral disc and which component has a high water content?

Answer 19

Nucleus pulposus – higher water content
Anulus fibrosus

Question 20

What happens when a disc herniates and where does this commonly occur?

Answer 20

The nucleus pulposus projects into the annulus fibrosus – commonly at L4/L5, L5/S1, C5/C6, C6/C7

Question 21

Which ligament supports the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and which ligament supports the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae?

Answer 21

Supraspinous ligament – thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Nuchal ligament – cranial vertebrae

Question 22

What are the three parts of the sternum?

Answer 22

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 23

Define true ribs, false ribs, and floating ribs and which number correlate to each?

Answer 23

True ribs – ribs 1-7 attach directly to sternum
False ribs – ribs 8-12 do not attach directly to the sternum
Floating ribs – 11-12 do not attach to sternum at all

Question 24

Define fontanelle and what is its purpose?

Answer 24

Large areas of dense connective tissue found on an infant’s skull in which the cranial bones do not fuse yet to allow the brain and the bones to continue growing

Question 25

What is the difference between primary and complex craniosynostosis and which is more severe?

Answer 25

Primary craniosynostosis – early fusion of one suture
Complex craniosynostosis – premature fusion of several sutures – more severe