Chapter 14 Flashcards
Define the different structural receptor types.
Free nerve ending – dendrites embedded in tissue that receives a sensation
Pain and temperature receptors in dermis of skin
Encapsulated ending – nerve endings encapsulated in connective tissue – enhance sensitivity
Lamellated corpuscles (pressure and touch)
Specialized receptor cell – distinct structure that interprets different type of stimulus
Photoreceptor in retina (cells in retina that respond to light stimuli)
What are exteroceptor, interoceptor, and proprioceptors?
Exteroceptor – receptor located near stimulus in environment
Interoceptor – interpret stimuli from internal organs and tissues
Proprioceptor – receptor located near moving part of body
What are the different functional receptors and what type of stimuli do they interpret?
Chemoreceptor – interprets chemical stimuli (taste or smell)
Osmoreceptor – solute concentrations of body fluid
Nociceptor – chemical sense that interprets presence of chemicals from tissue damage (pain)
Mechanoreceptor – interpret physical stimuli (pressure, vibration, sound, body position)
Thermoreceptor – interpret the physical stimuli of temperature and distinguish between hot and cold
What is the difference between a general and a special sense?
General sense - distributed throughout the body with receptor cells within structures of other organs
Special sense – specific to a particular organ
What is another name for taste, the five different types of taste perceived, what triggers these tastes, and the name of its receptor cell?
Taste is also called gustation
Salty –presence of sodium ions in saliva
Sweet – presence of glucose in saliva
Sour – presence of H+ in saliva
Bitter – alkaloids
Umami – L-glutamate
Receptor cells: gustatory cells
What is the pathway of olfaction?
Olfactory molecules go over olfactory epithelium and dissolved in mucus and bound to proteins to remain dissolved -> olfactory dendrites -> olfactory epithelium of cribiform plate of ethmoid bone ->brain
Define the external, middle, and inner ear and their structures.
External ear – auricle/pinna, external canal, tympanic membrane
Middle ear – ossicles – malleus, incus, stapes + Eustachian tube
Inner ear – cochlea and vestibule
What part of the ear is responsible for hearing and which is responsible for balance?
Cochlea – hearing, vestibule - balance
List all of the different types of somatosensation that we detect.
Pressure, vibration, light touch, tickle, itch temperature, pain, proprioception, kinesthesia
What are the three layers of the eyeball and what is found in each of them?
Outermost (fibrous tunic) – sclera and cornea
Middle (vascular tunic) – choroid, ciliary body, iris
Inner (neural tunic) - retina
What are the two receptors that detect vision in the retina?
Photoreceptors – rods (black and white) and cones (color)
