Chapter 15 Flashcards
List the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and their responses when activated.
Sympathetic nervous system - HR increases, produce sweat, bronchi dilate (more air exchange), pupils dilate (increase visual field), BP increases, blood vessel dilate
Parasympathetic nervous system - HR decreases, breathing normalizes, digestion takes place
What are the Chromaffin cells?
Neurosecretory cells that are contacted by preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic nervous system
In the cholinergic system, what are the two receptors and what type of receptor are they?
Nicotinic – ligand-gated
Muscarinic – G protein-coupled
In the adrenergic system, how many receptors are present, what neurotransmitter(s) do they bind and what type of receptor are they?
Alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors – bind norepinephrine and epinephrine – G protein-coupled
Preganglionic fibers release what neurotransmitter onto what type of receptor; and postganglionic fibers release what neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system? In the sympathetic nervous system?
Preganglionic fibers release acetylcholine onto nicotinic receptors; postganglionic fibers release acetylcholine in the parasympathetic and norepinephrine in the sympathetic nevous system
What is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?
Afferent will carry the signals towards the CNS and efferent neurons carry the signals away from the CNS
What is referred pain and what is Kehr’s sign?
Referred pain occurs when a visceral stimuli is strong enough that it can be perceived but in unexpected places
Kehr’s sign – presentation of pain in the left shoulder, chest, and neck after rupture of the spleen
What is orthostatic hypotension and how does it occur?
When blood pressure drops below setpoint upon changing from a lying/sitting to a standing position causing dizziness or syncope due to a decrease in oxygen to the brain
Causes – hypovolemia (dehydration due to lack of intake or diuretic medications) and autonomic failure
What is the amygdala and its functions?
Amygdala – structures involved in the emotional responses and contribute to memory
