Chapter 7 Flashcards
is thinking, and it encompasses the processes
associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.
Cognition
the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think.
Cognitive psychology
the best example or representation of a concept.
prototype
a concept that is defined by a specific set of characteristics.
Artificial concept
a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932).
Schema
a communication system that involves using words and systematic rules to organize those words
to transmit information from one individual to another.
Language
a plan of action used to find a solution
Problem-solving strategy
a problem-solving formula that provides you with
step-by-step instructions used to achieve a desired outcome
algorithm
general problem-solving framework
heuristic
where you persist in approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past but is clearly not working
now.
Mental set
type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something
other than what it was designed for.
Functional fixedness
when you focus on one piece of information when making a decision or solving
a problem
Anchoring bias
leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable
Hindsight bias
the tendency to focus on information that confirms your existing beliefs.
Confirmation bias
characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it.
Crystallized intelligence
