Chapter 6

Question 1

period of initial learning in classical conditioning in which a human or an animal begins to
connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus will begin to elicit
the conditioned response

Answer 1

Acquisition

Question 2

form of learning that involves connecting certain stimuli or events that occur together in
the environment (classical and operant conditioning)

Answer 2

associative learning

Question 3

Associative learning in which an unconditioned stimulus (such as food) is paired
with a neutral stimulus (such as a bell). The neutral
stimulus eventually becomes the conditioned
stimulus, which brings about the conditioned
response (salivation).

Answer 3

Classical conditioning

Question 4

response caused by the conditioned stimulus

Answer 4

Conditioned response

Question 5

stimulus that elicits a response due to its being paired with an unconditioned
stimulus

Answer 5

Conditioned stimulus

Question 6

decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with
the conditioned stimulus

Answer 6

Extinction

Question 7

natural (unlearned) behavior to a given stimulus

Answer 7

Unconditioned response

Question 8

stimulus that elicits a reflexive response

Answer 8

Unconditioned stimulus

Question 9

When an organism learns
to respond differently to various stimuli that are similar, it is called

Answer 9

Stimulus discrimination

Question 10

when an organism demonstrates the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the
condition stimulus, it is called

Answer 10

Stimulus generalization

Question 11

the idea that all behavior can be studied as a simple stimulus response
reaction, without regard for internal processes.

Answer 11

Behaviorism

Question 12

Associative learning in which organisms learn to associate a
behavior and its consequence (Table 6.1).

Answer 12

Operant conditioning

Question 13

Reinforcement where an undesirable stimulus is removed to increase a behavior

Answer 13

Negative reinforcement

Question 14

implementation of a consequence in order to decrease a behavior

Answer 14

Punishment

Question 15

reinforcers that have
innate reinforcing qualities.

Answer 15

Primary reinforcer

Question 16

learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it.

Answer 16

Latent learning

Question 17

learning in which we learn by watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they
do or say.

Answer 17

Observational learning