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APUSH > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Describe Washington’s leadership style and his contributions to the presidency.

A

Proposed few laws to Congress.

Limited public statements to matters of foreign relations and military affairs.

Postponed decisions concerning domestic (home) policy to congressional decisions.

Cast only two vetoes in two year tenure.

Was ABOVE favoritism and conflicts of interest.

Strove to understand aspirations of NE merchants/entrepreneurs vs S planters. < balanced cabinet

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2
Q

What was George Washington’s view of the common man?

A

Proper role for ordinary citizens/COMMON MAN was NOT to set policy thru elections BUT choose well-educated (elite) men who would make laws in people’s best interest, independent of direct popular influence.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

A

To guarantee PERSONAL/BASIC LIBERTIES, not strip the national government of NECESSARY AUTHORITY. Protects citizen’s rights.

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4
Q

First Amendment

A

Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition

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5
Q

Second Amendment

A

Right to bear arms

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6
Q

Third Amendment

A

Prohibits the quartering of soldiers

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7
Q

Fourth Amendment

A

Prohibits unreasonable searches/seizures

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8
Q

Fifth Amendment

A

Protects against self-incrimination and double jeopardy

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9
Q

Sixth Amendment

A

Right to a fair, speedy, and public trial

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10
Q

Seventh Amendent

A

Right to trial by jury

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11
Q

Eighth Amendemnt

A

Prohibits cruel/unusual punishment

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12
Q

Ninth Amendment

A

Declares that the rights spelled out in the Constitution are not the only rights citizens have

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13
Q

Tenth Amendment

A

States and the people have any powers not belonging to the Federal government

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14
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Secretary of treasury.
Salesman, promoted a program to strength FEDERAL GOVERNMENT and promoting economic devlopement.
Born outside of colonies, influenced Washington. Insensitive to: liberty, fears of centralized authority.
He’s on the ten dollar bill, guys.

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15
Q

Judiciary Act of 1789

A

People feared that new fed courts would ride over local customs.

Act calmed apprehension: established federal district court that operated according to local procedures.

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16
Q

Who played the leading role in drafting the ten amendments/Bill of Rights?

A

James Madison, elected to house of representatives.

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17
Q

What was Hamilton’s Plan to bolster government’s credit?

A 
1. Excise Tax
>tax on manufactured goods (whiskey)
2. Bank of the United States
>private entity w/ gov owning stock
>conflict between Ham and Jeff
3. Funding all debt at par
>pay off debt at face value PLUS interest
>speculators made lots of \$\$$
4. Take on state debts under nat'l gov
>debt war
>large states like!
>permanent states, "we'll support you until we get our money back" INFINITE SUPPORT YAH
5. Tariff
>tax on foreign goods, raise money for gov and protect American industries
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18
Q

Who opposed Hamilton’s plan and why?

A

Revolutionary patriots and states who already paid off their debt.
Speculators bought debt certificates when worthless, cashed them in when funding all debt at par.
>Those who deserved the least were rewarded the most

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19
Q

What was the purpose of the Bank of the United States?

A

> Cost taxpayers nothing, benefit the nation
Safe place for fed gov to deposit tax rev
make inexpen loans to gov when taxes fell short
help relieve scarcity of hard cash
regulate business practices of state banks
provide needed credit to expand economy

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20
Q

What were the arguments to the Bank of the United States?

A

> Would give a small elite group of people to influence the government
shareholders become tools for politicans
machine for the corruption of the legislature
enable bank to run country
UNCONSTITUTIONAL by strict view

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21
Q

What did it mean to have a “strict” or “loose” view of the Constitution? Who supported which?

A

Strict: If the government does not specifically allow it, then you can’t do it. (JEFFFFF)
Loose: If the government does not DISALLOW it, go ahead and go it. (HAAAM)

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22
Q

What groups supported/disapproved of Hamilton’s plans? Explain.

A

Support: “Monied men” - speculators, merchants, states with large debts. Mostly New England. Supported highly centralized national government (substantial powers in national vs states)

Disapproved: Those who benefitted the least: Southerners who paid their debt, revolutionary patriots who sold debt certificates. Westerners, Southerners, some mid-Atlantic/NE citizens. Return to the principles of republicanism! Substantial powers in states.

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23
Q

What did Hamilton say in his Report on the Subject of Manufactures?

A

It displayed a great liking towards capital, technology, and managerial discipline = surest way to national order and wealth.

Also, more employment opportunities, expanded applications of technology.

24
Q

What triggered the Whiskey Rebellion?

A

Excise tax on whiskey. Expectations: distribute expense to fund financing debt. Also, morals!

25
Q

Why was the Whiskey Rebellion considered burdensome?

A

Unable to ship crops worldwide thru New Orleans: alcohol, excise tax was 1/4 of retail value, enough to wipe out farmer’s profit.

Noncompliance: federal courts! To Philadelphia. Jury of easterners, cost of journey and losing court. Fines and court penalties if guilty.

26
Q

Why was Washington’s response surprising?

A

Thought they could revolt like before with Stamp Act. “lolnope”, there’s federal authority to be had.

27
Q

Citizen Edmond Genet

A

Sent to minister to the United States from France. Republican sentiment towards France. Enlist American mercenaries (however, no funds, not for free bro). Conquer Spanish territories, attack British ships. Alliance between nations.

Buccaneers! Under French flag, attacked British ships, auctioned stolen cargo.

28
Q

Proclamation of Neutrality

A

The Proclamation of Neutrality was a formal announcement issued by United States President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to any country at war.

29
Q

Impressment

A

Forced enlistment of former British sailors who fled to America.

30
Q

What was John Jay’s treaty about?

A

A negotiated treaty to settle mutual grievances.

Britain agreed to evacuate military and trading posts from peace terms of 1783.
Not allow French privateers to seek refuge/supplies in its harbors.

Both supported free navigation on MIssissippi River.
Prevented war with Britain, brought prosperity to merchants.

However, relations with France worsened.

31
Q

Why was John Jay’s treaty controversial?

A

Jay failed to:

  • challenge impressment
  • get Britain to recognize the rights of neutrals

Jeffersonian Republicans argue…
-violated Franco-American aliance

Was barely ratified.

32
Q

Pinckey’s Treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo)

A

Granted free navigation of the Mississippi. Recognized 31st parallel, would dismantle fortifications in America. Discouraged Indian attacks on western settlers.

33
Q

In what ways did the French Revolution add to the growing tensions of America? Groups in particar?

A

Factional politics.

South and rural republicans were for France. (liberty, for the people! equality for all!)
NE merchants/Federalists were for Britain. (trade, import)

34
Q

How did Citizen Genet and the British try to thwart Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation?

A

Genet: recruited buccaneers, attacked British ships, auctioned cargo

British: seized American ships, impressment (forced enlistment)

35
Q

Contrast Federalists and Republicans.

A 
Federalists:
-strong central government
-fear of public participation and mob rule
-worried of revolution
GOVERNMENT!
Wealthy, elite people.

Republicans:

  • Mid-Atlantic/Southerners
  • Self-interest of people good if property/economic wealth was widely available, not to a select rich few. For the PEOPLE!
36
Q

What did Washington condemn in his farewell address?

A

Political parties

37
Q

What caused the XYZ affair?

A

French saw Jay’s Treaty as US assistance to Britain. France seized American ships, hanged captured Americans.

38
Q

What was the XYZ affair?

A

Basically a naked bribe from French foreign minister because he refused peace. Demanded 250,000 and a loan of 12 million. XYZ were agents who names they didn’t want to tell.

39
Q

What did the colonists do from the XYZ affair?

A

Republicans: discredited their foreign policy views of France.
Federalists: militant patriotism!
Tripled regular army, if war expanded. Expanded land forces.

actually though… for a civil war.

40
Q

Who was the second President?

A

John Adams

41
Q

Who did we have a quasi-war with?

A

France (undeclared Franco-American naval conflict in Carribean)

42
Q

Why were the Alien and Sedition Acts passed?

A

In response to J-Republicans/immigrants. “To protect national security.” Because the Federalists were scared!

43
Q

Explain the Alien Enemies Act and the Alien Friends Act.

A

Alien Enemies: least controversial. Determined if enemy citizens were threat, not active until war.

Alien Friends: temporary peace statute, allowed president to expel ‘dangerous’ foreigners. Not required proof of guilt. Republicans could deport those critical of federal policy.

44
Q

What did the Naturalization Act increase the years to become a citizen to?

A
  1. To reduce Irish immigrant voting, were of J-Republican side.
45
Q

How was the Sedition Act used against US citizens?

A

Forbade criticism of the president/government. Blurred the lines between real sedition and political discussion. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition

Made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials

46
Q

Who wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

A

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison (that one guy who helped write the Bill of Rights)

47
Q

What did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions state?

A

Did not surrender rights to judge the constitutionality of federal actions, retained an authority called interposition, enabled and protect liberties of citizens.

n asserted right of U.S. states to declare federal actions unconstitutiona

48
Q

What is interposition/nullification?

A

is an asserted right of U.S. states to declare federal actions unconstitutional

to invalidate the enforcement of any federal law in a state that had deemed the law unconstitutional.

49
Q

Who won the election of 1800?

A

Federal John Adamas vs Republican Jefferson. Jefferson won.

50
Q

Why was the election of 1800 significant? Considered peaceful?

A

first time EVER, in the history of mankind, that power had been transferred from one group to another without bloodshed and war.

Jefferson repealed the Alien and Sedition Acts, brought the Democrat-Republicans to power for a period of years, and indirectly brought about the demise of the Federalist Party.

51
Q

What is republican motherhood? How does it set set the stage for women’s rights in the future?

A

Importance of educating women of liberty/independence - virtue in nation. Duty of women to educate values to sons/daughters.

Urban elites broadened such opportunities
by founding private schools/academies for girls. Republican assertions that women were equal intellectually/morally, began calls for political inequality.

52
Q

How did Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin stimulate slavery in the southern states?

A

removed a major obstacle to the spread of cotton cultivation. It gave a new lease on life to plantation slavery and undermined the doubts of those who considered slavery economically outmoded.

53
Q

Describe the significance of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793.

A

required judges to award possession of an escaped slave upon any formal request by a master or his representative.

denied free blacks the legal protections that the Bill of Rights guaranteed them as citizens

marked departure from the atmosphere of the 1780s, when state governments had moved toward granting whites and free blacks legal equality.

54
Q

In what ways did states and the federal government begin to restrict the rights of African Americans?

A

Federal law leads.

  • when procedure for naturalizing aliens, limited eligibility for citizenship to foreign whites.
  • militia law exclude free blacks from local units
  • navy/marine corps forbade nonwhite enlistments
  • states took away rights of free/prop owning blacks to vote
54
Q

What was the effect of the American Revolution and expansion on Native Americans in the latter half of the 18th century?

A

Severe losses of population, territory and political and cultural self-determination.

-Death from
WAR: battle, famine, disease.
PEACE: Poverty, loss of land, discrimination.

Eastern states ignored acts and seized Inidan lands w/o congressional approval. Settlers, liquor dealers, and criminals trespassed. Gov agents and missionaries pressured to give up land/culture.

Demoralized at losses and pressure. Alcohol.

APUSH (9 decks)

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