Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is Endocrinology ?
the study of hormones
Endocrine system is responsible for long term, on going functions of the body, name the 5 functions.
- Metabolism
- Regulation of the internal environment
- Reproduction
- Growth
- Development
3 Basic ways hormones act on their target cells
- Rates the enzymatic reactions
- Transport of ions or molecules across cell membranes
- Gene expression and protein synthesis
Is a hormone a chemical or electrical signal?
chemical, long distance
Where are hormones secreted
into the blood, by epithelial cells
Hormones exert their effects at high or low concentrations?
low concentrations
what is Secretion ?
the movement of a substance from inside a cell to the ECF or directly into the external environment
What are Pheromones?
specialized ectohormones
Hormones are secreted by?
endocrine glands
Hormones are transported to a local or distant target?
distant target, transported by blood.
What are Growth factors?
large group of substance that influence cell growth and division
Name the membrane transport process by which glucose moves from ECF into cells
Facilitated Diffusion ( Glut transporters)
What is cellular mechanism of action?
All hormones bind to target cell receptors and initiate biochemical responses, these responses are the cellular mechanism of action.
Half life indicates what?
Half life indicates length of activity.
What is Half life?
Half life is the amount of time required to reduce the concentration of hormone by one half.
Where is Melatonin synthesized?
Pineal Gland
Where is Oxytocin ( a peptide) is synthesized?
Posterior Pituitary ( Neurons)
Where is Vasopressin ( peptide) synthesized?
Posterior Pituitary (Neurons)
Where is Prolactin ( a peptide) synthesized?
Anterior Pituitary
Where is Growth hormone (Somatotropin) (peptide) synthesized?
Anterior Pituitary
Where is Corticotropin synthesized?
Anterior Pituitary
Where is Thyrotropin synthesized?
Anterior Pituitary
Where is follicle-stimulating hormone synthesized?
Anterior Pituitary
Lutienizing hormoni is synthesized where?
Anterior Pituitary
Insulin, Glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide are synthesized where?
Pancreas
Aldosterone, Cortisol, and Androgens ( all steroids) are synthesized where?
Adrenal Cortex
What is the suffix in a chemical name that tells you a molecule is an enzyme?
-ase indicates an enzyme.
peptidase, digests peptides
Steroid Hormones are derived from?
cholesterol
What are the three classifications of hormones?
Peptides, Steroids & Amines
