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Physio Midterm > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Energy

A

Comes from the sun
All living organisms need source of energy

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2
Q

Heliotropic organisms

A

Derived their energy from the sun

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3
Q

Energy is

A

The capacity to do work

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4
Q

3 kinds of energy

A

Chemical work
Transport work
Mechanical work

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5
Q

Chemical work is

A

Making and breaking chemical bonds

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6
Q

Transport work is

A

Cellular level movement

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7
Q

Mechanical work is

A

Gross movement

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8
Q

2 forms of energy

A

Kinetic energy
Potential energy

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9
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of motion, energy in use

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10
Q

Potential energy

A

Store energy, concentration gradients & chemical bonds

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11
Q

Energy can be converted from

A

One form to another

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12
Q

Transformation efficiency

A

More heat = less efficient

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13
Q

Thermodynamics

A

Total amount of energy is constant

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14
Q

First Law of thermodynamics

A

Total amount of energy in universe is constant does NOT change

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15
Q

ENERGY IS NEITHER CREATED NOR DESTROYED IN A CHEMICAL REACTION

A

FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

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16
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

State of order to disorder

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17
Q

Entropy

A

2nd law of thermodynamics

Slowed down by input of energy

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18
Q

Bioenergetics

A

Study of energy for through biological systems

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19
Q

3 types of Bioenergetics

A

Chemical reactions
Free energy
Activation energy

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20
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

How fast it happens, reaction rate

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21
Q

Free energy

A

Potential energy stored in chemical bonds, within the chemicals

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22
Q

Activation Energy

A

PUSH to get started
“Jumpstart”

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23
Q

Total amount of energy is constant

A

First law

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24
Q

Exergonic reactions

A

Energy PRODUCING/ RELEASING

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25
Q

Endergonic

A

Energy utilizing/ trapping

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26
Q

Enzyme

A

Proteins (RNA)
- Speed up the rate of chemical REACTIONS

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27
Q

Catalysts

A

Speeds up chemical PROCESS

  • Chemical reaction does NOT require enzymes
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28
Q

Enzymes ________ the activation energy of reactions

A

Lower

29
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Addition of phosphate ( + )

30
Q

Dephosphorylation

A

Removal of phosphate ( - )

31
Q

3 Enzymes

A

Kinase
Phosphorylase
Phosphatase

32
Q

Kinase

A

Transfers one phosphate from atp to another

33
Q

Phosphorylase

A

Transfers one phosphate to another molecule without ATP

34
Q

Phosphatase

A

Removes phosphate from any molecule

35
Q

Metabolism is

A

All chemical reactions that take place in an organism

36
Q

Catabolism

A

Is energy releasing “ breakdown”

  • Exergonic
37
Q

Anabolism is

A

Energy utilizing

Endergonic

38
Q

5 ways cells regulate their metabolic pathways

A
  1. Controlling enzyme
  2. Feedback inhibition
  3. Using different enzymes
  4. Compartmentalizing
  5. Ratio of ATP to ADP
39
Q

Aerobic

A

Needs oxygen

1 glucose yields 30-32 ATP

40
Q

ANAEROBIC

A

Without oxygen

1 glucose yields 2 ATP

41
Q

Humans need both Aerobic and Anaerobic

True or False

A

True

42
Q

3 Catabolic Pathways that produce ATP

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Citric Acid Cycle (krebs)
  3. Electron transport system ( ETS)
43
Q

Glycolysis

A

Breakdown of glucose
- both anaerobic and aerobic

44
Q

Glucose has _____ Carbons

A

6

45
Q

Pyruvate has _______ carbons

A

3

46
Q

GLYCOLYSIS

Location
Substrate
Product

A

L: CYTOSOL
S: 1 GLUCOSE
P: 2 pyruvate + 2 net ATP

Anaerobic
Aerobic

47
Q

Citric Acid Cycle KREBS
Location
Substrate
Product

A

L: Mitochondrial Matrix (inside mitochondria)
S: Acetyl, COA
P: CO2, FADH2, NADH

ZERO ATP PRODUCED
AEROBIC

48
Q

HIGH energy electrons

A

FADH & NADH

49
Q

Electron Transport System
Location
Substrate
Product

A

L: Intermembrane space of mitochondria
S: NADH, FADH2, O2
P: NAD+, FADH, atp & h20

  • Produces ATP - TURBINE
50
Q

1 Glucose yields 330-32 atp

A

Aerobic metabolism

51
Q

All chemical reactions that take place in an organism

A

Metabolism

52
Q

With out oxygen

A

Anaerobic

53
Q

Substrate of Krebs cycle

A

Acetyl COa

54
Q

FADH & NADH

A

High energy electrons

55
Q

Product of ETS

A

NAD+, FADH, ATP, H20

56
Q

Location of Krebs cycle

A

Mitochondria matrix

57
Q

Out of ETS and Krebs which one is anaerobic

A

None they are both aerobic
They both need oxygen

58
Q

Cellular level movement
- energy

A

Transport work

59
Q

Derived their energy from the sun

A

Heliotropic organisms

60
Q

State of order to disorder

A

Entropy
2nd law of thermodynamics

61
Q

TOTAL amount of energy is

A

Constant

62
Q

Removal of phosphate ( - )

A

Dephoshorylation

63
Q

Speed up chemical REACTIONS

A

Enzyme

64
Q

What kind of work is involved in contracting muscles

A

Mechanical movement
(Gross movement)

65
Q

Location of ETS

A

Intermembranous space

66
Q

Does Krebs cycle produce ATP

A

No

67
Q

How many pyruvate does glycolysis produce

A

2

68
Q

Without oxygen it yields 2 atp

A

Anaerobic

69
Q

Energy utilizing

A

Anabolism

Physio Midterm (6 decks)

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