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Physio Midterm > Chapter 1, 2, & 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 1, 2, & 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study functions of living organisms called

A

Physiology

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2
Q

What are the levels of organization

A

Molecule, tissues, cells, organs, organ systems, organisms

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3
Q

What is the basic unit of life

A

Cell

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4
Q

How many organ systems in the body

A

11

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5
Q

Which organ system supports and protects

A

Skeletal system

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6
Q

Which organ system is support and movement

A

Muscle system

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7
Q

Which system is used for gas exchange

A

Respiratory

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8
Q

What system defends agains infection

A

Immunity

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9
Q

Primary function of urinary system

A

Excrete

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10
Q

What system does not exchange material with the internal and external environment ?

A

Circulatory system

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11
Q

2 approaches to physiology, what are they?

A

Teleological and mechanistic

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12
Q

Teleological is the _______

A

Why

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13
Q

Mechanistic is the _________

A

How

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14
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Dynamic steady state

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15
Q

Study of diseases

A

Pathophysiology

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16
Q

ECF stands for

Consists of

A

Extra cellular fluid
Plasma and interstitial fluid

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17
Q

Which loops goal is to reach homeostasis

A

Negative

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18
Q

Which loops function is anticipation

A

Feed forward

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19
Q

Which type of feed back is used in childbirth

A

Positive feed back

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20
Q

True or false

The human body is best described as always being in a state of equilibrium and such that all body compartments are identical

A

False

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21
Q

What are the 11 organ systems

A

Murders Linc

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22
Q

In order to maintain balance

A

Law of mass balance

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23
Q

What are emergent properties ?

A

Can not be seen

such as IQ (intelligence)

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24
Q

Which two systems coordinate with each other

A

Nervous and endocrine

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25
Q

Term used to describe the minimum stimuli’s to trigger a response in a feedback loop

A

Threshold

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26
Q

What is the main function of integrating center in the control system

A

Set point

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27
Q

ECF serves as what between the outside world and ICF

A

A buffer

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28
Q

What is the Law of mass balance

A

Input equals output

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29
Q

What is the simple control system?
(4 steps)

A

Input signal
Integrating center
Output signal
Response

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30
Q

What is plasma

A

The fluid portion of blood

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31
Q

Oxytocin is the hormone released in response to cervical dilation this causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. Which type of feedback does oxytocin trigger

A

Positive feedback

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32
Q

What are the 4 major groups of biomolecules ?

A

Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleotides

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33
Q

What molecules are produced but living organisms

A

Biomolecules

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34
Q

Two basic functions of biomolecules

A

Energy and building blocks

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35
Q

What are the two types of molecules

A

Organic and inorganic

36
Q

Organic molecules contain

A

Carbon

37
Q

Do inorganic molecules contain carbon?

A

No

38
Q

Biomolecules contain what 3 molecules

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

39
Q

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

40
Q

Monosaccharides are H & P, what are those

A

H = Hexoses ( 6 carbon sugars )
P= Pentoses (5 carbon sugars) - DNA & RNA

41
Q

What are the 4 structure of proteins “R group”

A

Primary- sequence of AA
Secondary - helix and beta
Tertiary - 3d shape
Quaternary - multiple subunits

42
Q

Why is amino acid essential

A

It’s essential because it comes from your diet

43
Q

Non essential amino acids are produced by

A

The body

44
Q

nucleotides are a

A

Nitrogenous Base, phosphate and sugar

45
Q

Purines consist of

A

Adenine and guanine

46
Q

Pyrimidines are

A

Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine

47
Q

What are the 4 categories of Lipids ?

A

Fatty acids
Phospholipids
Triglycerides
Steroids

48
Q

What are the different types of polysaccharides

A

Starch and glycogen

49
Q

3 types of Fatty acids

A

Saturated - solid ( 2 hydrogen attached)
Mono saturated 1 bond
Poly saturated - more than 2

50
Q

Each amino acid differs from others, what makes it unique

A

The R group

51
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Gains or loses a neutron
Same element with different atomic mass

-atomic molecule

52
Q

What is an atom

A

Smallest particle of any element

  • they link by sharing electrons to form molecules
53
Q

What is a valence shell?

A

The outermost shell, can hold 8e-

54
Q

What is a molecule?

A

2 or more atoms that link by sharing electrons

55
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

An atom that shares electrons, the strongest bond

56
Q

What are non-polar molecules

A

They are an even distribution of electrons

Ex: oil, lipids, composed of carbon and hydrogen

57
Q

What are polar molecules?

A

Uneven distribution of electrons

H20 is extremely polar

58
Q

What are IONS?

A

Gain or lose an electron

59
Q

What is an electron ?

A

A negative charged particle in an atom

60
Q

What are hydrogen bonds

A

Bonds form between a hydrogen bond and a nearby oxygen, nitrogen or fluorine atom

Weak

61
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

Bonds between two atoms

62
Q

Why are covalent bonds strong

A

Formed by sharing of electrons

63
Q

Van Der Waals are strong or weak

A

Weak, they are the weakest bond

  • no hyrdrogen
64
Q

What is the universal solvent

A

H20

65
Q

How do you counteract your free radicals?

A

Anti oxidants

66
Q

What type of bond is dna?

A

Covalent bond

67
Q

Cations are what charge

A

Positive

68
Q

Anions are what charge

A

Negative

69
Q

What is a solute

A

A substance that has the ability to dissolve in a liquid

70
Q

What is solubility?

A

Ability of solute to dissolve in a solvent

71
Q

What is a solution

A

Solute plus the solvent, the mix

72
Q

What is a solvent

A

The liquid into which the solutes dissolve

73
Q

What are ligands

A

Chemicals that attach to proteins

74
Q

What does structure determine

A

The function

75
Q

What are the functions of the cell membrane?

A

Isolation
Exchange
Communication
Support

76
Q

What is lumen

A

Interior of hollow organ

77
Q

What are the three membrane proteins

A

Integral
Peripheral
Transmembrane

78
Q

What is Chromatin

A

Packed DNA

79
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do we have

A

23 pairs

80
Q

What is the powerhouse of the cell

A

The mitochondria , produces the energy

81
Q

What are the 3 muscle tissues

A

Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth

82
Q

Types of connective tissue

A

Loose and dense

83
Q

2 types of neural tissue

A

Neurons
Glial cells

84
Q

What is denaturation?

A

Desaturation is when the protein is destroyed

85
Q

What are the three body cavities

A

Cranial
Thoracic
Abdomniopelvic

86
Q

What are your hollow organs

A

Heart
Lungs
Blood vessels
Intestines

Physio Midterm (6 decks)

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