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Physio Midterm > Chapter 22 > Flashcards

Chapter 22 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Hypothalamus

A

Part of the brain that tells you are hungry

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2
Q

The Feeding Center tells you

A

You are Hungry

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3
Q

Satiety Center

A

Full

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4
Q

Glucostatic Theory

A

Based on concentration of blood

  • If blood sugar is low you are hungry
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5
Q

Lipostatic Theory

A

What they think makes you feel full

  • Levels of fatty acids in your blood gets elevated, it makes you feel full
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6
Q

What factors influence your BMR

A

Age and sex - non modifiable
Activity level - modifiable
Hormones- slightly modifiable
Genetics - Non modifiable
Thermogenesis
Lean muscle

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7
Q

Is Fat (lipid) a compact storage?

A

Yes

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8
Q

True or False

Only energy intake and level of physical activity can be voluntarily changed?

A

True

  • What can be changed within a day
  • Your body can only store or use the energy
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9
Q

What pathways combined are called metabolism?

A

Anabolic and Catabolic

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10
Q

What do Catabolic pathways do?

A

Break large molecules into smaller ones

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11
Q

Body is either in a fed state or a fasting state, there is no in between?

True or false

A

True

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12
Q

Fed state or Absorptive state

A

First 4 hrs of last bite

(Dominant pathway during this time)

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13
Q

Anabolic and Catabolic pathways combined =

A

Metabolism

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14
Q

Ingested energy may be

A

USED or STORED

Used- work
Stored- Fat, glycogen

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15
Q

Ingested biomolecules have three fates, what are they?

A
  1. Energy to do mechanical work
  2. Synthesis for grown maintenance
  3. Storage as glycogen or fat
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16
Q

In plasma are nutrient pools available for immediate use?

A

Yes

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17
Q

3 types of Nutrient Pools

A

Free Fatty Acid Pool

Glucose Pool

Amino Acid Pool

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18
Q

Goals for fasting?

A

Maintain blood sugar and make atp

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19
Q

Low sugar =

A

Hypoglycemia

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20
Q

Red Blood Cells don’t have a ______________ do they depend on glucose for energy to stay alive

A

Mitochondrion

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21
Q

2 Fuels in the body

A

Glucose and ketones

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22
Q

Anabolic Pathways

A

Synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones

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23
Q

Glucose are reserved for

A

Your RBCS

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24
Q

Lipolysis

A

Breakdown of fat

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25
Q

Ketones come from

A

Your liver

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26
Q

Red blood cells are depended on what to stay alive

A

Glucose

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27
Q

Total Body energy=

A

Energy stored + energy intake - energy output

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28
Q

Energy Output =

A

Energy used for work + energy used for body heat

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29
Q

3 types of energy work

A

Transport work
Mechanical
Chemical Work

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30
Q

In the hospital we use indirect calorimetry

A

Based on your ratio of CO2 to O2

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31
Q

Most of energy work is

A

Done unconsciously

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32
Q

Energy is stored in

A

Fat & Glycogen

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33
Q

Which part of your body uses both endocrine and exocrine

A

Pancreas

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34
Q

Islet of langerhans found in

A

Found in your endocrine cells

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35
Q

Pancreatic Acini is found in

A

Exocrine glands

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36
Q

Goal of Fasted state

A

Maintain Blood Sugar and produce ATP

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37
Q

Maintain Blood Sugar

A

Glycogen becomes glucose
Glyoneolysis - maintains BS for 18 hrs

38
Q

2 cells in the islet of langerhans

A

Alpha Cells ( Secrete glucagon )

Beta Cells ( Secrete your insulin)

39
Q

Gluconeogenisis

A

Creating new sugars from your amino acid pool

40
Q

Deamination of amino acids

A

Removal of your amino group

41
Q

Biochemical Pathways for energy production

A

Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)
Electron Transport System ( ETS)

42
Q

Glycolysis

A

Location :
Substrate :
Product :

43
Q

When you feel full

A

Satiety

44
Q

Lipostatic theory

A

When your fatty acids elevate you feel full

45
Q

BUN stands for

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen

46
Q

What your body produces :

Empty stomach

A

Ghrenlin

47
Q

Based on emotions what do you secrete

A

NPY

48
Q

These two produce in your small intestine and involve high fat and high fat meals

A

CCK AND GLP1

49
Q

Adipose tissues in endocrine glands

A

Leptin

50
Q

Total body energy formula

A

Energy storage - energy output

51
Q

Measures your metabolic rate

A

Kcal

Calorimetry

52
Q

Sex and age effect what?

A

BMR

53
Q

High protein diet

A

Effects your Thermogenesis

54
Q

Two storages in your body

A

Glycogen and fat

55
Q

What is the max for glycogen

A

2.2lb or 1kg

56
Q

Which part of your body and which muscle can only produce glycogen

A

Liver and skeletal muscles

57
Q

2nd preferred storage

A

Fat

58
Q

Breakdown

  • fed or fasting
A

Catabolic

Fasting state

59
Q

Which pathway is dominant in fasting state?

A

Catabolic

60
Q

In fed state which pathway is dominant

A

Anabolic

61
Q

Anabolic is

A

Synthesizing

62
Q

Coexpressed in hypothalamus

A

NPY

63
Q

CCK is found in your

A

Small intestines

64
Q

Ghrelin is found in your

A

Stomach

65
Q

FED STATE :
Carbohydrates pool

A

Glucose
Glucose pool
Glycogenisis
Lipogenisis

66
Q

Amino Acid Pool

A

Protein synthasis
Gluconeogenisis
Back to glycogenisis
Lipogenisis

67
Q

Fat Pool

A

Lipogenisis

68
Q

Fed state

A

Anabolism is dominant

69
Q

Fasting State:
Nutrient Pool Steps

A

Glycogen
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Lipolysis
Ketones

70
Q

What is glycgenolysis

A

Break down of glycogen

71
Q

Breakdown of fat

A

Lipolysis

72
Q

Glycogenlysis will maintain blood sugar for how long?

A

18 hrs

73
Q

Removal of amino group

A

Deamination

74
Q

Breakdown of fatty acid to produce acetyl coa

A

Beta oxidation

75
Q

Two hormones that govern your metabolism

A

Insulin and glucagon

76
Q

Two fuels in the body

A

Ketones and glucose

77
Q

Insulin is in your ________ state

A

FED

78
Q

Glucagon is in your __________ State

A

Fasting

79
Q

Pancreas uses both

A

Endocrine and exocrine

80
Q

Glucagon is secreted by what cell

A

Alpha cells

81
Q

Two goals of fasting state

A

Maintain your blood sugar and make atp

82
Q

Glycogen

A

Liver and Skeletal muscles can only produce glycogen

83
Q

Glycogen is faster or slower to make

A

Faster

84
Q

Catabolic pathway

A

Fasting state/ post absorptive state ( after 1st 4 hrs of LAST bite )

85
Q

Anabolic Pathway

A

Fed state/ Absorptive state ( happens 1st 4 hrs of last bite)

86
Q

Glucose pool is

A

Highly regulated, blood sugar .
Due to RBCs

87
Q

Hyperglycemia =

A

High Blood sugar

88
Q

Glycogenesis

A

Formation of glycogen

89
Q

Lipogenesis

A

Formation of fat

90
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Formation of new sugars from Non-carbohydrates ( like proteins)

91
Q

Beta Oxidation

A

Breakdown of fatty acids to produce Acetyl COa

92
Q

Acectyl COa

A

1of our ketones ( acetone)

Physio Midterm (6 decks)

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