Chapter 6.4 - Exam Review

Question 1

A state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs is known as (spatial disorientation/visual illusion)?

Answer 1

Spatial Disorientation.

Question 2

On the ground, we sense out Attitude with respect to the earth from three separate balance sources. What are these sources?

Answer 2

• Vision.
• Proprioceptive System.
• Vestibular Apparatus.

Question 3

True or False. Sensory illusions usually only occur when visual clues are poor or ambiguous?

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

The semi-circular canals sense (angular/linear) acceleration and the otoliths sense (angular/linear) acceleration?

Answer 4

• Angular.

- Linear.

Question 5

After adequate training, referring to the artificial horizon tends to (worsen/counteract) any erroneous sensory sensations or illusions when the real horizon is obscured?

Answer 5

Counteract.

Question 6

True or False. The semi-circular canals are unable to detect a prolonged steady turn for any considerable time, particularly if the turn is made gradually?

Answer 6

True.

Question 7

Due to the inertia of the fluid in the semi-circular canals, when a prolonged head movement is stopped, the continued motion of the fluid causes the same sensation as occurs when the head is moved in the opposite direction. What name is given to this illusion?

Answer 7

Opposite Turning Illusion.

Question 8

Sudden head movements during a turn can results in cross-coupling of fluid flow in the semi-circular canals. This cross-coupling stimulation creates an uncomfortable sensation of tumbling, often called (the leans/Coriolis Illusion)?

Answer 8

Coriolis Illusion.

Question 9

A sensation of being banked in a direction opposite to that of the original attitude is called (the leans/Coriolis Illusion)?

Answer 9

The Leans.

Question 10

(Somatogravic/Coriolis) illusion is more likely to occur when taking off into darkness from a brightly lit airport under visual conditions?

Answer 10

Somatogravic.

Question 11

Sudden (acceleration/deceleration) can give the illusion that the nose of the Aircraft is dropping?

Answer 11

Deceleration.

Question 12

An approach at night, over water or unlit terrain for instance where Altitude is perceived to be higher than actual, can result in shooting below the desired approach path. What is this situation often called?

Answer 12

A Black Hole Approach.

Question 13

The approach angle will appear to be too (shallow/steep) if the terrain before the Runway slopes up towards the threshold?

Answer 13

Steep.

Question 14

If the Runway is (narrower/wider) than the Pilot is used to, the illusion is that the Aircraft is too high and the tendency is to flare too late?

Answer 14

Narrower.

Question 15

If the Runway slopes down or the terrain before it slopes down towards the threshold, the Pilot thinks he/she is (higher/lower) than actual?

Answer 15

Lower.

Question 16

If the Runway is (narrower/wider) than the Pilot is used to, the illusion is that the Aircraft is too low and the tendency is to flare too early?

Answer 16

Wider.

Question 17

If the Runway lights are bright and the night is clear, Pilots may perceive the threshold to be (further away/closer) than it really is?

Answer 17

Closer.

Question 18

Light rain which produces a scattering of light through a thin layer of water on the windscreen can cause runway lights to appear to double in size. This can lead the Pilot into thinking he/she is (closer to/further away from) the Runway than actual?

Answer 18

Closer to.

Question 19

In conditions such as Fog, Smoke, Dust, Haze, or Snow where visibility is significantly reduced, Pilots can think they are (further away from/closer to) an Airport or Runway than they actually are?

Answer 19

Further Away From.

Question 20

Sloping cloud banks and sloping terrain can give false horizontal clues since the perceived horizon may not be horizontal at all. For instance, if a Pilot uses the clouds as a substitute for the natural horizon, what is likely to happen?

Answer 20

The Aircraft will fly one wing low.

Question 21

In the absence of other visual clues, if a Pilot fixes his or her stare for some time on a pinpoint of light in a dark sky, the illusion is that either he/she or the light is moving. This illusion is called (flicker vertigo/autokinesis)?

Answer 21

Autokinesis.

Question 22

List four factors that may make a Pilot more susceptible to disorientation?

Answer 22

• Alcohol.
• Drugs.
• Head Colds.
• Fatigue.
• Stress.
• Headaches.
• Sudden Head Movements.

Question 23

How can disorientation best be avoided or counteracted?

Answer 23

By trusting your flight instruments.

Question 24

An approach in daylight over featureless terrain may produce an illusion of the Aircraft being too (high/low)?

Answer 24

High.