Chapter 6.4 - Exam Review Flashcards
A state of temporary confusion resulting from misleading information being sent to the brain by various sensory organs is known as (spatial disorientation/visual illusion)?
Spatial Disorientation.
On the ground, we sense out Attitude with respect to the earth from three separate balance sources. What are these sources?
- Vision.
- Proprioceptive System.
- Vestibular Apparatus.
True or False. Sensory illusions usually only occur when visual clues are poor or ambiguous?
True.
The semi-circular canals sense (angular/linear) acceleration and the otoliths sense (angular/linear) acceleration?
- Angular.
- Linear.
After adequate training, referring to the artificial horizon tends to (worsen/counteract) any erroneous sensory sensations or illusions when the real horizon is obscured?
Counteract.
True or False. The semi-circular canals are unable to detect a prolonged steady turn for any considerable time, particularly if the turn is made gradually?
True.
Due to the inertia of the fluid in the semi-circular canals, when a prolonged head movement is stopped, the continued motion of the fluid causes the same sensation as occurs when the head is moved in the opposite direction. What name is given to this illusion?
Opposite Turning Illusion.
Sudden head movements during a turn can results in cross-coupling of fluid flow in the semi-circular canals. This cross-coupling stimulation creates an uncomfortable sensation of tumbling, often called (the leans/Coriolis Illusion)?
Coriolis Illusion.
A sensation of being banked in a direction opposite to that of the original attitude is called (the leans/Coriolis Illusion)?
The Leans.
(Somatogravic/Coriolis) illusion is more likely to occur when taking off into darkness from a brightly lit airport under visual conditions?
Somatogravic.
Sudden (acceleration/deceleration) can give the illusion that the nose of the Aircraft is dropping?
Deceleration.
An approach at night, over water or unlit terrain for instance where Altitude is perceived to be higher than actual, can result in shooting below the desired approach path. What is this situation often called?
A Black Hole Approach.
The approach angle will appear to be too (shallow/steep) if the terrain before the Runway slopes up towards the threshold?
Steep.
If the Runway is (narrower/wider) than the Pilot is used to, the illusion is that the Aircraft is too high and the tendency is to flare too late?
Narrower.
If the Runway slopes down or the terrain before it slopes down towards the threshold, the Pilot thinks he/she is (higher/lower) than actual?
Lower.
If the Runway is (narrower/wider) than the Pilot is used to, the illusion is that the Aircraft is too low and the tendency is to flare too early?
Wider.
If the Runway lights are bright and the night is clear, Pilots may perceive the threshold to be (further away/closer) than it really is?
Closer.
Light rain which produces a scattering of light through a thin layer of water on the windscreen can cause runway lights to appear to double in size. This can lead the Pilot into thinking he/she is (closer to/further away from) the Runway than actual?
Closer to.
In conditions such as Fog, Smoke, Dust, Haze, or Snow where visibility is significantly reduced, Pilots can think they are (further away from/closer to) an Airport or Runway than they actually are?
Further Away From.
Sloping cloud banks and sloping terrain can give false horizontal clues since the perceived horizon may not be horizontal at all. For instance, if a Pilot uses the clouds as a substitute for the natural horizon, what is likely to happen?
The Aircraft will fly one wing low.
In the absence of other visual clues, if a Pilot fixes his or her stare for some time on a pinpoint of light in a dark sky, the illusion is that either he/she or the light is moving. This illusion is called (flicker vertigo/autokinesis)?
Autokinesis.
List four factors that may make a Pilot more susceptible to disorientation?
- Alcohol.
- Drugs.
- Head Colds.
- Fatigue.
- Stress.
- Headaches.
- Sudden Head Movements.
How can disorientation best be avoided or counteracted?
By trusting your flight instruments.
An approach in daylight over featureless terrain may produce an illusion of the Aircraft being too (high/low)?
High.
