chapter 6.3.4

Question 1

operant conditioning

Answer 1

what you learn when you operate on the environment around you.

Question 2

positive reinforcement

Answer 2

getting something desirable

Question 3

negative reinforcement

Answer 3

removing something undesirable

Question 4

primary reinforcer

Answer 4

a reinforcer that needs no learning. food, water, physical touch, sex.

Question 5

secondary reinforcer

Answer 5

reinforcer that needs learning like money.

Question 6

reinforcement schedules

Answer 6

when reinforcements occur in response to a particular behavior

Question 7

fixed ratio schedule

Answer 7

where behavior is reinforced after a consistent number of occurrences

Question 8

variable ratio schedule

Answer 8

where behavior is reinforced after a inconsistent number of occurrences

Question 9

fixed-interval schedule

Answer 9

reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after a time interval that is consistent and predictable

Question 11

variable-interval schedule

Answer 11

reinforcement schedule where a behavior is reinforced after a time interval that is inconsistent and unpredictable

Question 12

shaping

Answer 12

learning a complex behavior through the reinforcement of each of its small steps

Question 13

observational learning

Answer 13

learning from observing others and consequences rather than your own

Question 14

mirror neurons

Answer 14

to underlie empathy and imitation when a person does a specific behavior