Chapter 6- Verbal Communication Skills

Question 1

Symbol

Answer 1

Word, sound, or visual image that represents something else, such as thought, concept, or object.

Question 2

Referent

Answer 2

The thing that a symbol represents.

Question 3

Thought

Answer 3

Mental process of creating an image, sound, concept, or experience triggered by a referent or symbol.

Question 4

Denotative meaning

Answer 4

Restrictive or literal definition of a word. Ex, mother: the female person who gave birth to you.

Question 5

Connotative meaning

Answer 5

Personal and subjective association with a word. Ex, the warm, caring women who nurtured you and loved you; or the cold, distant women who implied that you were not measuring up to her standards.

Question 6

Onomatopoeia

Answer 6

A word that imitates a sound associated with what is named; also, the use of such a word.

Question 7

Symbolic interaction theory

Answer 7

Theory that people make sense of the world based on their interpretation of words or symbols used by others.

Question 8

Linguistic determinism

Answer 8

Theory that describes how use of language determines or influences thoughts and perceptions.

Question 9

Linguistic relativity

Answer 9

Theory that each language includes some unique features that are not found in other languages.

Question 10

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 10

Based on the principle of linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity, the hypothesis that language shapes our thoughts and culture, and our culture and thoughts affect the language we used to describe our world.

Question 11

Worldview

Answer 11

Individual perceptions or perceptions by a culture or group on people about key beliefs and issues, such as death, god, and the meaning of life, which influence interaction with others.

Question 12

Profanity

Answer 12

Words considered obscene, blasphemous, irreverent, rude, or insensitive.

Question 13

Euphemism

Answer 13

A mild or indirect word that is substituted for one that describes something vulgar, profane, unpleasant, or embarrassing.

Question 14

Bypassing

Answer 14

Confusion caused by the fact that the same word can mean different things to different people.

Question 15

Malapropism

Answer 15

Confusion of one word or phrase for another that sounds similar to it.

Question 16

Restricted code

Answer 16

Set of words that have particular meaning to a person, group, or culture.

Question 17

Jargon

Answer 17

Another name for restricted code; specialized terms or abbreviations whose meanings are known only to members of a specific group.

Question 18

All ness

Answer 18

Tendency to use language to make unqualified, often untrue generalizations.

Question 19

Indexing

Answer 19

Avoiding generalizations by using statements that separate one situation, person, or example from another.

Question 20

Static evaluation

Answer 20

Pronouncement that does not take the possibility of change into consideration.

Question 21

Polarization

Answer 21

Description and evaluation of what you observe in terms of extremes such as good or bad, old, or new, beautiful or ugly.

Question 22

Hate speech

Answer 22

Words or phrases intended to offend of show disrespect for someone’s race, ethnicity, cultural background, gender, or some other aspect of that persons identity.

Question 23

How to manage misunderstandings

Answer 23

1. Be aware of missed meaning. (Bypassing)
2. Be clear
3. Be specific
4. Be aware of changes in meaning.
5. Be aware of polarizing either or extremes.
6. Be unbiased

Question 24

Extended “I” language

Answer 24

Brief preface to a feedback statement, intended to communicate that you don’t want your listener to take your message in an overly critical way.

Question 25

Elaborated code

Answer 25

Conversation that uses many words and various ways of describing an idea or concept to communicate its meaning.

Question 26

Conversation

Answer 26

The spontaneous, interactive exchange of messages with another person.

Question 27

Apology

Answer 27

Explicit admission of an error, along with a request for forgiveness.

Question 28

Assertive

Answer 28

Able to pursue ones own best interests without denying a partners rights.

Question 29

Aggressive

Answer 29

Expressing ones interest while denying the rights of others by blaming, judging, and evaluating other people.

Question 30

Assertiveness…

Answer 30

1. your interests without denying the rights of others.
2. Is other oriented
3. Describes what you want.
4. Discloses your needs using “I” messages.

Question 31

Aggressiveness

Answer 31

1. Expresses your interests and denies the rights of others
2. Is self oriented
3. Evaluates the other person
4. Discloses your needs using “you” messages

Question 32

Word picture

Answer 32

Short statement or story that illustrates or describes an emotion; word pictures often use a smile (a comparison using the word like or as) to clarify the image.

Question 33

How to assert yourself

Answer 33

1. Describe
2. Disclose
3. Identify effects
4. Wait
5. Use active listening skills
   Question
   Paraphrase content
   Paraphrase feelings