Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 111 > Chapter 6: The Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 6: The Cell Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Complex: people, protists, fungi, animals, plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Simple: Bacteria, Archae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Common features for eukaryotic and prokaryotic

A

Plasma membrane, cytosol, DNA, ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Differences for eukaryotic and prokaryotic

A

Prokaryotic: Smaller size, no nucleus–DNA located in the nucleoid, no membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic: Larger size, has a nucleus, has membrane-bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Semi permeable, separates the internal contents of the cell from the outside environment, functions as a selective barrier, integrity important for survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endomembrane system

A

Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ribosomes

A

Carry out protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Smooth ER

A

Synthesize lipids, metabolize carbohydrates, detoxify poisons, store calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Rough ER

A

Secrete glycoproteins, distribute transport vesicles, membrane factory for the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Modifies products of the ER, manufactures certain macromolecules, sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lysosome

A

“Digestive compartments”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Engulf another cell; forms a food vacuole; fuses with lysosome for digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Autophagy

A

Use of enzymes to recycle the cell’s own organelles and macromolecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Central vacuoles

A

Mature plant cells; hold organic compounds and water; poisonous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

“Powerhouses of Cells”

A

Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

17
Q

Mitochondria

A

Cellular respiration

18
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Photosynthesis

19
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contain enzymes that can break down fats; produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it to water

20
Q

Cytoskeleton

A
  • Maintains cell shape
  • Anchors and/or move organelles in the cell
  • May regulate biochemical activities
  • Composed of 3 fibers:
    • Microtubules: thickest
    • Microfilaments: thinnest
    • Intermediate filaments
21
Q

Microtubules

A
  • Maintain cell shape
  • Cell motility: cilia and flagella
  • Movement of organelles
  • Separate chromosomes during cell division: centromeres
22
Q

Cilia and Flagella

A
  • Important for movement
  • Made of microtubules
  • Powered by ATP
  • Cilia example: Trachea
  • Flagella example: Sperm
23
Q

Microfilaments

A
  • Help support cell shape
  • Involved in cellular motility
  • Very important in muscle cells
24
Q

Intermediate filaments

A
  • Strong
  • Help support cell shape and fix organelles in place
  • Are more permanent cytoskeleton fixtures than the other two classes
25
Q

Plant cell wall

A
  • Protects, maintains shape, prevents excessive uptake of water
  • Composed of multiple layers:
    • Primary cell wall: thin and flexible
    • Middle lamella: thin layer between primary walls of adjacent cells
    • Secondary cell wall: added between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall
26
Q

Extracellular matrix of animal cells

A
  • Composed of glycoproteins: collagen, proteoglycans, fibronectin
  • Proteins bind to receptor proteins in the plasma membrane called integrins
  • Composed of cellulose fibers embedded in other polysaccharides and proteins
  • Important for support, adhesion, movement, regulation
27
Q

Intercellular junctions

A

Facilitate contact between neighboring cells, tissues, organs, or organ systems

28
Q

Plasmodesmata

A
  • Channels that perforate plant cell walls

- Allows passage of water and small solutes from cell to cell

29
Q

Tight junctions

A

Membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid

30
Q

Desmosomes

A

“Anchoring junctions”: fasten cells together into strong sheets

31
Q

Gap junctions

A

“Communicating junctions”: provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells

32
Q

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to what structure in animal cells?

A

Gap junctions

33
Q

Vesicles

A

Small membrane sacs used to transport biomolecules between organelles

34
Q

Nuclear pore

A

Allows for the transport of substances in and out of the nucleus

Biology 111 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions