Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Everything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

Building block of matter, stable–cannot be broken down

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

Substance containing two or more different elements

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

Smallest unit of an element that retains the element’s physical and chemical properties

Question 5

Atomic number

Answer 5

Number of protons in an atom’s nucleus

Question 6

Mass number/Atomic mass

Answer 6

Sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 7

Covalent bonds

Answer 7

Sharing of valence electrons (Very strong)

Question 8

Molecule

Answer 8

Two of the same atoms

Question 9

Electronegativity

Answer 9

Pull of an atom for electrons in a bond

Question 10

Ionic bonds

Answer 10

Results from attraction of 2 elements to one another due to the transfer of electrons from one element to the next (Weak)

Question 11

Polar covalent bonds

Answer 11

Unequal sharing of electrons

Question 12

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Answer 12

Equal sharing of electrons

Question 13

Hydrogen bond

Answer 13

Results when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is attracted to another electronegative atom (Very weak)

Question 14

Reactants

Answer 14

Starting materials in chemical reactions

Question 15

Products

Answer 15

Produced from the reactants by a chemical reaction

Question 16

Cation

Answer 16

Positively charged ion

Question 17

Anion

Answer 17

Negatively charged ion