Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Flashcards

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1
Q

Inheritance or heredity

A

One generation passes characteristic traits on to the next

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2
Q

Genetics

A

the study of heredity and variation

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3
Q

Genes (definition)

A

units of heredity encoded in DNA

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4
Q

Locus

A

Physical location of a gene on a chromosome

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5
Q

DNA is…

A

a polymer made of four nucleotides

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6
Q

What are nucleotides made of?

A

A base, a sugar, and a phosphate

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7
Q

What are the nucleotides?

A

A, T, G, C

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8
Q

Two DNA strands form a…

A

double helix

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9
Q

Genes (function)

A

Sequences of nucleotides that direct protein production

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10
Q

Diploid

A

Human somatic cells: 23 chromosome pairs

2n = 46 in humans

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11
Q

Haploid

A

Gametes: 23 chromosomes

n = 23 in humans

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12
Q

Karyotype

A

a display of homologous chromosome pairs

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13
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

same genes/traits

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14
Q

Somatic cells

A

all chromosomes other than sex cells

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15
Q

Fertilization

A

Two haploid gametes form a diploid zygote

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16
Q

Meiosis

A

reductive cell division in the gonads

17
Q

Meiosis I

A

homologous chromosomes separate into two cells

18
Q

Meiosis II

A

sister chromatids separate into two cells