Chapter 4: Carbon

Question 1

Carbon bonding

Answer 1

Completes valence shell through covalent bonds

Magic # is 4!

Question 2

Carbon compatibility

Answer 2

H, O, N, C

Question 3

Hydrocarbons

Answer 3

Simplest organic molecules consisting of only C and H

Question 4

Isomers

Answer 4

Compounds with the same number of atoms but different structures and therefore different properties

Question 5

Structural isomer

Answer 5

Differ in the covalent arrangement of their atoms

Question 6

Cis-trans/Geometric isomer

Answer 6

Differ in their special arrangements around a double bond

Question 7

Enantiomer isomers

Answer 7

Isomers that are mirror images of each other

Question 8

Seven major functional groups

Answer 8

1. Hydroxyl
2. Carbonyl
3. Carboxyl
4. Amino
5. Sulfhydryl
6. Phosphate
7. Methyl

Question 9

Hydroxyl group

Answer 9

OH-, polar, form H-bonds

Question 10

Carbonyl group

Answer 10

C and O attached by a double covalent bond

Question 11

Carboxyl group

Answer 11

C with a double bond to O and a single bond to hydroxyl group
O=C–OH

Question 12

Amino group

Answer 12

N bonded to C and H

Question 13

Sulfhydryl group

Answer 13

S bonded to H

Question 14

Aldehyde

Answer 14

Has H

Question 15

Ketone

Answer 15

Does not have H