Chapter 6 - Substance within the Cell Flashcards
What is potential energy?
Stored energy.
What is kinetic energy?
Expressed energy or movement.
What is the metabolism?
The chemical changes that take place to make energy and materials needed for the cell to grow, reproduce, and stay healthy.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
You can’t make or destroy energy; only convert it. If you started with it, you end with it.
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Disorder (entropy) always increases.
The entropy of a closed system shall never decrease, and shall increase whenever possible.
What is the purpose of chemical reactions?
Building or breaking bonds.
What is the result of reactants?
Products.
What is the meaning of exergonic?
A chemical process resulting in giving up energy (heat).
What is the meaning of endergonic?
A chemical process requiring energy input.
What is the equation for building energy?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 = Energy + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
What is the purpose of activation energy?
A little bit of energy input creates a larger result. (Ex = Gasoline to a fire)
What are the characteristics of ATP?
The most common energy-carrier molecule that comes from glucose breakdown. ATP is highly unstable and only resides within the cell.
What are electron carriers?
Small organic molecules that play key roles in cellular respiration.
What are the characteristics of Coupled Reactions?
Very common reactions within cells. Exergonic provides energy for endergonic. ATP starts protein synthesis in endergonic. Exergonic and Endergonic commonly occur in different places. Requires carriers such as ATP or electron carriers. A relatively slow process.
What is the purpose of catalysts?
To speed up reactions.
What are the characteristics of enzymes?
The biological catalysts that lowers activation energy. Exergonic and endergonic speed up reactions. Enzymes are recycled.
What is the process of the lock and key scenario with enzymes?
The process is very specific, and some can only act with coenzymes. A substrate contacts an active site that causes a reaction that changes the shape. Substrate then leaves enzyme.
What is the process for different enzymes?
Baby steps, many small reactions result in many different enzymes. This required gradual energy transfer. Think of the game 2048.
What are the increases of enzymes?
Increase reactions, increase enzymes = increase enzyme synthesis, increase substrates, and inactive forms such as pepsin.
What are the characteristics of enzyme regulation?
Occurs within cells and is either competitive or non-competitive.. A competitive example is a molecule that blocks the activation site won’t work, such as vaccines.
Non-competitive example is other molecules that bind to enzymes and distort it. When an enzyme changes shape, it is no longer useful.
What is feedback inhibition?
The end product of a multi-chain enzyme reaction that inhibits the start the same reaction. Large amounts of ATP can block production of more ATP.
