Chapter 17 - Speciation

Question 1

What is the concept of biological species?

Answer 1

Groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

Question 2

What mechanism is Pre-Mating?

Answer 2

Prevents mating attempts. For example, geography. You can’t mate if you can’t meet.

Question 3

What mechanism is Pre-Mating?

Answer 3

Prevents mating attempts. For example, geography. You can’t mate if you can’t meet.

Question 4

Ecology:

Answer 4

Different populations use different resources.

Question 5

Temporal:

Answer 5

Different populations are unable to mate due to time/season.

Question 6

Behavioral:

Answer 6

Different groups use different displays and courtship to attract a mate.

Question 7

Mechanical:

Answer 7

Reproductive organs are not compatible (such as a great Dane to a chihuahua).

Question 8

Posting-Mating Mechanisms:

Answer 8

Mating occurs but is not viable.

Question 9

Gametic Incompatibility:

Answer 9

Mating occurs but fertilization does not.

Question 10

Hybrid Inviability:

Answer 10

Hybrids do not survive, or is less successful than the parent.

Question 11

Hybrid Infertility:

Answer 11

Hybrids are infertile.

Question 12

Speciation Depends on Two Things:

Answer 12

Population Isolation and Genetic Divergence

Question 13

Population Isolation:

Answer 13

Prevents gene (allele) flow between two groups

Question 14

Genetic Divergence:

Answer 14

Development of large genetic differences.

Question 15

By Chance=

Answer 15

Genetic Drift

Question 16

Natural Selection=

Answer 16

Different environmental pressures

Question 17

Allopatric Speciation:

Answer 17

Two populations are geographically separated. Invasion of new habitat.

Question 18

Habitat Division:

Answer 18

Geographic, Climate, or Landscape Change separates populations.

Question 19

Sympatric Speciation:

Answer 19

population isolation without geographic separation. ecological niche differences separate and stop gene flow

Question 20

Mutation:

Answer 20

Rare but can lead to instant speciation

Question 21

Adaptive Radiation:

Answer 21

Many speciation events in a short time. Populations invade a variety of new habitats (Darwin’s finches in Galapagos)

Question 22

What are some ways to become extinct?

Answer 22

Localized Distribution
Overspecialization
Species Interaction: Competition + Predation

Question 23

Localized Distribution:

Answer 23

Species only found in a very small area.

Question 24

Overspecialization

Answer 24

Can only survive/reproduce in limited environment

Question 25

Species Interactions:

Answer 25

Competition and Predation
Species cannot adapt to changing conditions