Chapter 3 - Macromolecules Flashcards
Capable of bonding four times to something else. (Ex = 4 single bonds, 2 single bonds and 1 double bond, 1 single bond and 1 triple bond, etc.)
Carbon Biochemistry
Single subunits in a carbon functional group.
Monomer(s)
Long chain of monomers in a carbon functional group. Highly unstable, highly reactive, and highly attracted to organic molecules such as carbon and hydrogen.
Polymer(s)
Organic molecules synthesized by removing water in a solution.
Dehydration Synthesis
Organic molecules broken by adding water in a solution.
Hydrolysis
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. (Simple sugars such as glucose to complex sugars such as starch)
Carbohydrates (Carbs)
One sugar molecule (Ex = Glucose, Fructose, Galactose, etc.)
Monosaccharide
Many sugar molecules bonded together. (Ex = Starch in plants, glycogen in animals, etc.)
Polysaccharide
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. Insoluble in water. Known to store energy in the membrane; have waxy coverings.
Lipids (Fats, Oils, and Waxes)
More energy storage than sugars, but weigh less.
Fats
Maximum number of single hydrogen bonds.
Saturated
Some double bonds such as oils.
Unsaturated
Hydrophobic “tails” and Hydrophilic “heads” in the cell membrane.
Phospholipids
Low density lipoprotein
LDL (Bad Cholesterol)
High density lipoprotein
HDL (Good Cholesterol)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.
Proteins
How many naturally occurring amino acids are there?
20
Chemically or thermally breaking protein bonds.
Denaturation
Primary Protein Structure…
Order of Amino Acids
Secondary Protein Structure…
Folding, Bending, or Pleating
Tertiary Protein Structure…
Hydrogen and Disulfide Bonds
Quaternary Protein Structure…
Globular (Hemoglobin) and Strands (Collagen)
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. Building block of nucleic acid. (Ex = ATP)
Nucleotide
Made up of nucleotides. (Ex = DNA + RNA)
Nucleic Acids
